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Penetration testing (pentesting) involves performing a controlled attack on a computer system in order to assess it's security. Although an effective method for testing security, pentesting requires highly skilled practitioners and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Jonathon Schwartz , Hanna Kurniawati

Due to limited resources and public safety concerns, deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents for many cyber-physical systems (e.g., autonomous vehicles) are first trained in simulators. However, when deployed in real world environments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Gengyue Han , Yiheng Feng

Safety is a critical component of autonomous systems and remains a challenge for learning-based policies to be utilized in the real world. In particular, policies learned using reinforcement learning often fail to generalize to novel…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Kai-Chieh Hsu , Allen Z. Ren , Duy Phuong Nguyen , Anirudha Majumdar , Jaime F. Fisac

The generalization gap in reinforcement learning (RL) has been a significant obstacle that prevents the RL agent from learning general skills and adapting to varying environments. Increasing the generalization capacity of the RL systems can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Hanping Zhang , Yuhong Guo

Advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) have inspired new directions in intelligent automation of network defense. However, many of these advancements have either outpaced their application to network security or have not considered the…

Designing agents, capable of learning autonomously a wide range of skills is critical in order to increase the scope of reinforcement learning. It will both increase the diversity of learned skills and reduce the burden of manually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Grgur Kovač , Adrien Laversanne-Finot , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Due to the trial-and-error nature, it is typically challenging to apply RL algorithms to safety-critical real-world applications, such as autonomous driving, human-robot interaction, robot manipulation, etc, where such errors are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Weiye Zhao , Yifan Sun , Feihan Li , Rui Chen , Ruixuan Liu , Tianhao Wei , Changliu Liu

Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) have emerged as a formidable AI tool to generate realistic outputs based on training datasets. However, the challenge of exerting control over the generation process of GANs remains a significant…

Meta reinforcement learning (RL) allows agents to leverage experience across a distribution of tasks on which the agent can train at will, enabling faster learning of optimal policies on new test tasks. Despite its success in improving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Tingting Ni , Maryam Kamgarpour

Despite the significant progress of deep reinforcement learning (RL) in solving sequential decision making problems, RL agents often overfit to training environments and struggle to adapt to new, unseen environments. This prevents robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Xingyu Lu , Kimin Lee , Pieter Abbeel , Stas Tiomkin

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in tool manipulation for complex task-solving. However, existing paradigms such as ReAct rely on sequential reasoning and execution, failing to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Jiaqi Wu , Qinlao Zhao , Zefeng Chen , Kai Qin , Yifei Zhao , Xueqian Wang , Yuhang Yao

Ideally, we would place a robot in a real-world environment and leave it there improving on its own by gathering more experience autonomously. However, algorithms for autonomous robotic learning have been challenging to realize in the real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Max Balsells , Marcel Torne , Zihan Wang , Samedh Desai , Pulkit Agrawal , Abhishek Gupta

The past decade has seen vast progress in deep reinforcement learning (RL) on the back of algorithms manually designed by human researchers. Recently, it has been shown that it is possible to meta-learn update rules, with the hope of…

In this paper, we consider a transfer Reinforcement Learning (RL) problem in continuous state and action spaces, under unobserved contextual information. For example, the context can represent the mental view of the world that an expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Chenyu Liu , Yan Zhang , Yi Shen , Michael M. Zavlanos

Penetration testing (PT) is an efficient network testing and vulnerability mining tool by simulating a hacker's attack for valuable information applied in some areas. Compared with manual PT, intelligent PT has become a dominating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Jinyin Chen , Shulong Hu , Haibin Zheng , Changyou Xing , Guomin Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) provides a naturalistic framing for learning through trial and error, which is appealing both because of its simplicity and effectiveness and because of its resemblance to how humans and animals acquire skills…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Archit Sharma , Kelvin Xu , Nikhil Sardana , Abhishek Gupta , Karol Hausman , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents often fail to generalize to unseen environments (yet semantically similar to trained agents), particularly when they are trained on high-dimensional state spaces, such as images. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Kimin Lee , Kibok Lee , Jinwoo Shin , Honglak Lee

Penetration testing is a critical technique for identifying security vulnerabilities, traditionally performed manually by skilled security specialists. This complex process involves gathering information about the target system, identifying…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Xiangmin Shen , Lingzhi Wang , Zhenyuan Li , Yan Chen , Wencheng Zhao , Dawei Sun , Jiashui Wang , Wei Ruan

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents are commonly trained and evaluated in the same environment. In contrast, humans often train in a specialized environment before being evaluated, such as studying a book before taking an exam. The potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Jarek Liesen , Chris Lu , Andrei Lupu , Jakob N. Foerster , Henning Sprekeler , Robert T. Lange

Penetration Testing plays a critical role in evaluating the security of a target network by emulating real active adversaries. Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) is seen as a promising solution to automating the process of penetration tests…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Yizhou Yang , Xin Liu
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