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Accurately finding proteins and genes that have a certain function is the prerequisite for a broad range of biomedical applications. Despite the encouraging progress of existing computational approaches in protein function prediction, it…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-04-22 Hanwen Xu , Sheng Wang

Protein homology search underlies function annotation, structure prediction, and evolutionary analysis, but remains challenging in the "twilight zone," where global sequence similarity is weak and classical alignment methods lose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Gabrielle Cohn , Rohan Gumaste , Minh Hoang , Vihan Lakshman

The prediction of protein structures from sequences is an important task for function prediction, drug design, and related biological processes understanding. Recent advances have proved the power of language models (LMs) in processing the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-12-01 Bozhen Hu , Jun Xia , Jiangbin Zheng , Cheng Tan , Yufei Huang , Yongjie Xu , Stan Z. Li

Across scientific domains, generating new models or optimizing existing ones while meeting specific criteria is crucial. Traditional machine learning frameworks for guided design use a generative model and a surrogate model (discriminator),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Nataša Tagasovska , Vladimir Gligorijević , Kyunghyun Cho , Andreas Loukas

Effective representations of protein sequences are widely recognized as a cornerstone of machine learning-based protein design. Yet, protein bioengineering poses unique challenges for sequence representation, as experimental datasets…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-07 Ana F. Rodrigues , Lucas Ferraz , Laura Balbi , Pedro Giesteira Cotovio , Catia Pesquita

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in vision-language tasks, but their application in the medical field remains underexplored, particularly for integrating structured time series data with unstructured clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Shuai Niu , Jing Ma , Hongzhan Lin , Liang Bai , Zhihua Wang , Wei Bi , Yida Xu , Guo Li , Xian Yang

We present A-CODE, a fully atomic unified one-stage protein co-design model that simultaneously refines discrete atom types and continuous atom coordinates. Unlike predominant two-stage methods that cascade structure design with amino…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-06 Chaoran Cheng , Jiaqi Guan , Milong Ren , Chengyue Gong , Cong Liu , Xinshi Chen , Ge Liu , Wenzhi Xiao

Protein generative models have shown remarkable promise in protein design, yet their success rates remain constrained by reliance on curated sequence-structure datasets and by misalignment between supervised objectives and real design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ziwen Wang , Jiajun Fan , Ruihan Guo , Thao Nguyen , Heng Ji , Ge Liu

Protein language models (pLMs) pre-trained on vast protein sequence databases excel at various downstream tasks but often lack the structural knowledge essential for some biological applications. To address this, we introduce a method to…

With the development of next generation sequencing techniques, it is fast and cheap to determine protein sequences but relatively slow and expensive to extract useful information from protein sequences because of limitations of traditional…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2017-10-20 Renzhi Cao , Colton Freitas , Leong Chan , Miao Sun , Haiqing Jiang , Zhangxin Chen

The integration of molecular and natural language representations has emerged as a focal point in molecular science, with recent advancements in Language Models (LMs) demonstrating significant potential for comprehensive modeling of both…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-19 Qizhi Pei , Rui Yan , Kaiyuan Gao , Jinhua Zhu , Lijun Wu

Generating molecules with high binding affinities to target proteins (a.k.a. structure-based drug design) is a fundamental and challenging task in drug discovery. Recently, deep generative models have achieved remarkable success in…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-24 Zaixi Zhang , Qi Liu

Accurately measuring protein-RNA binding affinity is crucial in many biological processes and drug design. Previous computational methods for protein-RNA binding affinity prediction rely on either sequence or structure features, unable to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-06 Rong Han , Xiaohong Liu , Tong Pan , Jing Xu , Xiaoyu Wang , Wuyang Lan , Zhenyu Li , Zixuan Wang , Jiangning Song , Guangyu Wang , Ting Chen

Deciphering the function of unseen protein sequences is a fundamental challenge with broad scientific impact, yet most existing methods depend on task-specific adapters or large-scale supervised fine-tuning. We introduce the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xinhui Chen , Zuchao Li , Mengqi Gao , Yufeng Zhang , Chak Tou Leong , Haoyang Li , Jiaqi Chen

Consistency and reliability are crucial for conducting AI research. Many famous research fields, such as object detection, have been compared and validated with solid benchmark frameworks. After AlphaFold2, the protein folding task has…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-08-01 Jaemyung Lee , Kyeongtak Han , Jaehoon Kim , Hasun Yu , Youhan Lee

How can we design protein sequences folding into the desired structures effectively and efficiently? AI methods for structure-based protein design have attracted increasing attention in recent years; however, few methods can simultaneously…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Zhangyang Gao , Cheng Tan , Pablo Chacón , Stan Z. Li

Goal-oriented de novo molecule design, namely generating molecules with specific property or substructure constraints, is a crucial yet challenging task in drug discovery. Existing methods, such as Bayesian optimization and reinforcement…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Chuanliu Fan , Ziqiang Cao , Zicheng Ma , Nan Yu , Yimin Peng , Jun Zhang , Yiqin Gao , Guohong Fu

Deep learning approaches have produced substantial breakthroughs in fields such as image classification and natural language processing and are making rapid inroads in the area of protein design. Many generative models of proteins have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Alexey Strokach , Philip M. Kim

Learning effective protein representations is critical in a variety of tasks in biology such as predicting protein function or structure. Existing approaches usually pretrain protein language models on a large number of unlabeled amino acid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Zuobai Zhang , Minghao Xu , Arian Jamasb , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Aurelie Lozano , Payel Das , Jian Tang

Is there a foreign language describing protein sequences and structures simultaneously? Protein structures, represented by continuous 3D points, have long posed a challenge due to the contrasting modeling paradigms of discrete sequences. We…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-20 Zhangyang Gao , Cheng Tan , Jue Wang , Yufei Huang , Lirong Wu , Stan Z. Li