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Despite the rapid growth of smart contracts, they are suffering numerous security vulnerabilities due to the absence of reliable development and testing. In this article, we apply the metamorphic testing technique to detect smart contract…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Jiahao Li

As blockchain platforms grow exponentially, millions of lines of smart contract code are being deployed to manage extensive digital assets. However, vulnerabilities in this mission-critical code have led to significant exploitations and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Chaofan Shou , Jing Liu , Doudou Lu , Koushik Sen

Reentrancy is one of the most notorious vulnerabilities in smart contracts, resulting in significant digital asset losses. However, many previous works indicate that current Reentrancy detection tools suffer from high false positive rates.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Zexu Wang , Jiachi Chen , Zibin Zheng , Peilin Zheng , Yu Zhang , Weizhe Zhang

This paper introduces CrossLink, a decentralized framework for secure cross-chain smart contract execution that effectively addresses the inherent limitations of contemporary solutions, which primarily focus on asset transfers and rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Tahrim Hossain , Faisal Haque Bappy , Tarannum Shaila Zaman , Tariqul Islam

The decentralized exchange (DEX) leverages smart contracts to trade digital assets for users on the blockchain. Developers usually develop several smart contracts into one project, implementing complex logic functions and multiple…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Zongwei Li , Wenkai Li , Xiaoqi Li , Yuqing Zhang

The exploitation of smart contract vulnerabilities in Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has resulted in financial losses exceeding 3 billion US dollars. Existing defense mechanisms primarily focus on detecting and reacting to adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shoupeng Ren , Lipeng He , Tianyu Tu , Di Wu , Jian Liu , Kui Ren , Chun Chen

The exponential growth of android-based mobile IoT systems has significantly increased the susceptibility of devices to cyberattacks, particularly in smart homes, UAVs, and other connected mobile environments. This article presents a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Akarsh K Nair , Shanik Hubert Satheesh Kumar. , Deepti Gupta

Business logic vulnerabilities have become one of the most damaging yet least understood classes of smart contract vulnerabilities. Unlike traditional bugs such as reentrancy or arithmetic errors, these vulnerabilities arise from missing or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Jiaqi Gao , Zijian Zhang , Yuqiang Sun , Ye Liu , Chengwei Liu , Han Liu , Yi Li , Yang Liu

Decentralization is widely recognized as a crucial characteristic of blockchains that enables them to resist malicious attacks such as the 51% attack and the takeover attack. Prior research has primarily examined decentralization in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Chao Li , Balaji Palanisamy , Runhua Xu , Li Duan

Optimistic Rollups (ORUs) significantly enhance blockchain scalability but inherently suffer from the verifier's dilemma, particularly concerning validator attentiveness. Current systems lack mechanisms to proactively ensure validators are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Suhyeon Lee , Yeongju Bak

As a blockchain platform that has developed vigorously in recent years, Ethereum is different from Bitcoin in that it introduces smart contracts into blockchain.Solidity is one of the most mature and widely used smart contract programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Pengcheng Zhang , Feng Xiao , Xiapu Luo

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks, wherein, a model gets fooled by applying slight perturbations on the input. With the advent of Internet-of-Things and the necessity to enable intelligence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Priyadarshini Panda

Prior work on trustworthy AI emphasizes model-internal properties such as bias mitigation, adversarial robustness, and interpretability. As AI systems evolve into autonomous agents deployed in open environments and increasingly connected to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Wenyue Hua , Tianyi Peng , Chi Wang , Jiaxin Pei , Ian Kaufman , Bryan Lim , Chandler Fang

The rapid evolution of deep neural networks is demanding deep learning (DL) frameworks not only to satisfy the requirement of quickly executing large computations, but also to support straightforward programming models for quickly…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Eunji Jeong , Sungwoo Cho , Gyeong-In Yu , Joo Seong Jeong , Dong-Jin Shin , Byung-Gon Chun

Collaborative (federated) learning enables multiple parties to train a model without sharing their private data, but through repeated sharing of the parameters of their local models. Despite its advantages, this approach has many known…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-25 Hongyan Chang , Virat Shejwalkar , Reza Shokri , Amir Houmansadr

Reentrancy, a notorious vulnerability in smart contracts, has led to millions of dollars in financial loss. However, current smart contract vulnerability detection tools suffer from a high false positive rate in identifying contracts with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Shuo Yang , Jiachi Chen , Mingyuan Huang , Zibin Zheng , Yuan Huang

Soft sensing of hard-to-measure variables is often crucial in industrial processes. Current practices rely heavily on conventional modeling techniques that show success in improving accuracy. However, they overlook the non-linear nature,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Hwa Hui Tew , Gaoxuan Li , Fan Ding , Xuewen Luo , Junn Yong Loo , Chee-Ming Ting , Ze Yang Ding , Chee Pin Tan

An important problem in smart contract security is understanding the likelihood and criticality of discovered, or potential, weaknesses in contracts. In this paper we provide a summary of Ethereum smart contract audits performed for 23…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Alex Groce , Josselin Feist , Gustavo Grieco , Michael Colburn

Background. Developers use Automated Static Analysis Tools (ASATs) to control for potential quality issues in source code, including defects and technical debt. Tool vendors have devised quite a number of tools, which makes it harder for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Valentina Lenarduzzi , Savanna Lujan , Nyyti Saarimaki , Fabio Palomba

Smart contracts, self-executing agreements directly encoded in code, are fundamental to blockchain technology, especially in decentralized finance (DeFi) and Web3. However, the rise of Ponzi schemes in smart contracts poses significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Cong Wu , Jing Chen , Ziwei Wang , Ruichao Liang , Ruiying Du