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This paper introduces JANUS, a Stablecoin 3.0 protocol designed to address the stablecoin trilemma--simultaneously improving decentralization (D), capital efficiency (E), and safety-stability (S). Building upon insights from previous…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Stylianos Kampakis

Decentralized cryptocurrencies feature the use of blockchain to transfer values among peers on networks without central agency. Smart contracts are programs running on top of the blockchain consensus protocol to enable people make…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Bo Jiang , Ye Liu , W. K. Chan

Blockchain smart contracts have emerged as a transformative force in the digital realm, spawning a diverse range of compelling applications. Since solidity smart contracts across various domains manage trillions of dollars in virtual coins,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Zhiyuan Wei , Xianhao Zhang , Jing Sun , Zijian Zhang , Liehuang Zhu

Smart contracts are Turing-complete programs that are executed across a blockchain. Unlike traditional programs, once deployed, they cannot be modified. As smart contracts carry more value, they become more of an exciting target for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Christof Ferreira Torres , Antonio Ken Iannillo , Arthur Gervais , Radu State

Remote Attestation (RA) enables the integrity and authenticity of applications in Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) to be verified. Existing TEE RA designs employ a centralized trust model where they rely on a single provisioned secret…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Xiaolin Zhang , Kailun Qin , Shipei Qu , Tengfei Wang , Chi Zhang , Dawu Gu

The rapid adoption of blockchain technology highlighted the importance of ensuring the security of smart contracts due to their critical role in automated business logic execution on blockchain platforms. This paper provides an empirical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Francesco Salzano , Cosmo Kevin Antenucci , Simone Scalabrino , Giovanni Rosa , Rocco Oliveto , Remo Pareschi

In recent years, security incidents stemming from centralization defects in smart contracts have led to substantial financial losses. A centralization defect refers to any error, flaw, or fault in a smart contract's design or development…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Zewei Lin , Jiachi Chen , Jiajing Wu , Weizhe Zhang , Zibin Zheng

This paper serves as a progress report on our research, specifically focusing on utilizing interval analysis, an existing static analysis method, for detecting vulnerabilities in smart contracts. We present a selection of motivating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Ştefan-Claudiu Susan , Andrei Arusoaie

Smart contracts are self-executing programs on blockchain platforms like Ethereum, which have revolutionized decentralized finance by enabling trustless transactions and the operation of decentralized applications. Despite their potential,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Gerardo Iuliano , Dario Di Nucci

Smart contract transactions are increasingly interleaved by cross-contract calls. While many tools have been developed to identify a common set of vulnerabilities, the cross-contract vulnerability is overlooked by existing tools.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Yinxing Xue , Jiaming Ye , Wei Zhang , Jun Sun , Lei Ma , Haijun Wang , Jianjun Zhao

In the growing field of blockchain technology, smart contracts exist as transformative digital agreements that execute transactions autonomously in decentralised networks. However, these contracts face challenges in the form of security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Christopher De Baets , Basem Suleiman , Armin Chitizadeh , Imran Razzak

Fuzzing is a widely used technique for detecting vulnerabilities in smart contracts, which generates transaction sequences to explore the execution paths of smart contracts. However, existing fuzzers are falling short in detecting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jie Chen , Liangmin Wang

Smart contracts on the blockchain offer decentralized financial services but often lack robust security measures, leading to significant economic losses. While substantial research has focused on identifying vulnerabilities in smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Youwei Huang , Sen Fang , Jianwen Li , Bin Hu , Tao Zhang

Blockchain technology (BT) Ethereum Smart Contracts allows programmable transactions that involve the transfer of monetary assets among peers on a BT network independent of a central authorizing agency. Ethereum Smart Contracts are programs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Noama Fatima Samreen , Manar H. Alalfi

The rise of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has brought novel financial opportunities but also exposed serious security vulnerabilities, with flash loans frequently exploited for price manipulation attacks. These attacks, leveraging the atomic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ka Wai Wu

Ethereum smart contracts, which are autonomous decentralized applications on the blockchain that manage assets often exceeding millions of dollars, have become primary targets for cyberattacks. In 2023 alone, such vulnerabilities led to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Christoph Sendner , Lukas Petzi , Jasper Stang , Alexandra Dmitrienko

In recent years, smart contracts have suffered major exploits, costing millions of dollars. Unlike traditional programs, smart contracts are deployed on a blockchain. As such, they cannot be modified once deployed. Though various tools have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Christof Ferreira Torres , Mathis Baden , Robert Norvill , Beltran Borja Fiz Pontiveros , Hugo Jonker , Sjouke Mauw

Decentralized applications (DApps) face significant security risks due to vulnerabilities in smart contracts, with traditional detection methods struggling to address emerging and machine-unauditable flaws. This paper proposes a novel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiuyang Bu , Wenkai Li , Zongwei Li , Zeng Zhang , Xiaoqi Li

Smart contract access control mechanisms can introduce centralization into supposedly decentralized ecosystems. In our view, such centralization is an overlooked risk of smart contracts that underlies well-known smart contract security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Metin Lamby , Valentin Zieglmeier , Christian Ziegler

Smart contracts are susceptible to critical vulnerabilities. Hybrid dynamic analyses, such as concolic execution assisted fuzzing and foundation model assisted fuzzing, have emerged as highly effective testing techniques for smart contract…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Sally Junsong Wang , Jianan Yao , Kexin Pei , Hidedaki Takahashi , Junfeng Yang
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