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Training data attribution (TDA) plays a critical role in understanding the influence of individual training data points on model predictions. Gradient-based TDA methods, popularized by \textit{influence function} for their superior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Shiyuan Zhang , Junwei Deng , Juhan Bae , Jiaqi Ma

Training data attribution (TDA) methods aim to identify which training examples influence a model's predictions on specific test data most. By quantifying these influences, TDA supports critical applications such as data debugging,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Xingyuan Pan , Chenlu Ye , Joseph Melkonian , Jiaqi W. Ma , Tong Zhang

Training data attribution (TDA) techniques find influential training data for the model's prediction on the test data of interest. They approximate the impact of down- or up-weighting a particular training sample. While conceptually useful,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Elisa Nguyen , Minjoon Seo , Seong Joon Oh

Training data attribution (TDA) methods ask which training documents are responsible for a model behavior. However, models often learn broad concepts shared across many examples. Moreover, existing TDA methods are supervised -- they require…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 J Rosser

Many training data attribution (TDA) methods aim to estimate how a model's behavior would change if one or more data points were removed from the training set. Methods based on implicit differentiation, such as influence functions, can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Juhan Bae , Wu Lin , Jonathan Lorraine , Roger Grosse

Data attribution for generative models seeks to quantify the influence of individual training examples on model outputs. Existing methods for diffusion models typically require access to model gradients or retraining, limiting their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Yutian Zhao , Chao Du , Xiaosen Zheng , Tianyu Pang , Min Lin

In recent years, training data attribution (TDA) methods have emerged as a promising direction for the interpretability of neural networks. While research around TDA is thriving, limited effort has been dedicated to the evaluation of…

Training data attribution (TDA) methods aim to measure how training data impacts a model's predictions. While gradient-based attribution methods, such as influence functions, offer theoretical grounding, their computational costs make them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Weiwei Sun , Haokun Liu , Nikhil Kandpal , Colin Raffel , Yiming Yang

Randomness is an unavoidable part of training deep learning models, yet something that traditional training data attribution algorithms fail to rigorously account for. They ignore the fact that, due to stochasticity in the initialisation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Bruno Mlodozeniec , Isaac Reid , Sam Power , David Krueger , Murat Erdogdu , Richard E. Turner , Roger Grosse

Training data attribution (TDA) provides insights into which training data is responsible for a learned model behavior. Gradient-based TDA methods such as influence functions and unrolled differentiation both involve a computation that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Andrew Wang , Elisa Nguyen , Runshi Yang , Juhan Bae , Sheila A. McIlraith , Roger Grosse

As large language models are increasingly trained and fine-tuned, practitioners need methods to identify which training data drive specific behaviors, particularly unintended ones. Training Data Attribution (TDA) methods address this by…

Training data attribution (TDA) methods aim to quantify the influence of individual training data points on the model predictions, with broad applications in data-centric AI, such as mislabel detection, data selection, and copyright…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Junwei Deng , Ting-Wei Li , Shichang Zhang , Jiaqi Ma

Data Attribution (DA) methods quantify the influence of individual training data points on model outputs and have broad applications such as explainability, data selection, and noisy label identification. However, existing DA methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Dan Ley , Suraj Srinivas , Shichang Zhang , Gili Rusak , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Training data attribution (TDA) methods aim to attribute model outputs back to specific training examples, and the application of these methods to large language model (LLM) outputs could significantly advance model transparency and data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Tyler A. Chang , Dheeraj Rajagopal , Tolga Bolukbasi , Lucas Dixon , Ian Tenney

Training Data Attribution (TDA) seeks to trace model predictions back to influential training examples, enhancing interpretability and safety. We formulate TDA as a Bayesian information-theoretic problem: subsets are scored by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Dharmesh Tailor , Nicolò Felicioni , Kamil Ciosek

Machine learning models struggle with generalization when encountering out-of-distribution (OOD) samples with unexpected distribution shifts. For vision tasks, recent studies have shown that test-time adaptation employing diffusion models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Yun-Yun Tsai , Fu-Chen Chen , Albert Y. C. Chen , Junfeng Yang , Che-Chun Su , Min Sun , Cheng-Hao Kuo

Data attribution seeks to trace model behavior back to the training examples that shaped it, enabling debugging, auditing, and data valuation at scale. Classical influence-function methods offer a principled foundation but remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Sibo Ma , Julian Nyarko

Data attribution methods, which quantify the influence of individual training data points on a machine learning model, have gained increasing popularity in data-centric applications in modern AI. Despite a recent surge of new methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Weiyi Wang , Junwei Deng , Yuzheng Hu , Shiyuan Zhang , Xirui Jiang , Runting Zhang , Han Zhao , Jiaqi W. Ma

This paper explores the use of unlearning methods for training data attribution (TDA) in music generative models trained on large-scale datasets. TDA aims to identify which specific training data points contributed the most to the…

Training data attribution (TDA) methods offer to trace a model's prediction on any given example back to specific influential training examples. Existing approaches do so by assigning a scalar influence score to each training example, under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Kelvin Guu , Albert Webson , Ellie Pavlick , Lucas Dixon , Ian Tenney , Tolga Bolukbasi
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