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Debugging and repairing faults when programs fail to formally verify can be complex and time-consuming. Automated Program Repair (APR) can ease this burden by automatically identifying and fixing faults. However, traditional APR techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Valentina Wu , Alexandra Mendes , Alexandre Abreu

Software compartmentalization breaks down an application into compartments isolated from each other: an attacker taking over a compartment will be confined to it, limiting the damage they can cause to the rest of the application. Despite…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jia Hu , Youcheng Sun , Pierre Olivier

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive effectiveness in various software engineering tasks, including automated program repair (APR). In this study, we take a deep dive into automated bug fixing utilizing LLMs. In contrast to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Soneya Binta Hossain , Nan Jiang , Qiang Zhou , Xiaopeng Li , Wen-Hao Chiang , Yingjun Lyu , Hoan Nguyen , Omer Tripp

Automated program repair (APR) has great potential to reduce the effort and time-consumption in software maintenance and becomes a hot topic in software engineering recently with many approaches being proposed. Multi-location program repair…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Shangwen Wang , Xiaoguang Mao , Nan Niu , Xin Yi , Anbang Guo

Ensuring code correctness remains a challenging problem even as large language models (LLMs) become increasingly capable at code-related tasks. While LLM-based program repair systems can propose bug fixes using only a user's bug report,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Adam Stein , Arthur Wayne , Aaditya Naik , Mayur Naik , Eric Wong

Automated Program Repair (APR) helps improve the efficiency of software development and maintenance. Recent APR techniques use deep learning, particularly the encoder-decoder architecture, to generate patches. Though existing DL-based APR…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Qihao Zhu , Zeyu Sun , Yuan-an Xiao , Wenjie Zhang , Kang Yuan , Yingfei Xiong , Lu Zhang

Automated Program Repair (APR) can help developers automatically generate patches for bugs. Due to the impressive performance obtained using Large Pre-Trained Language Models (LLMs) on many code related tasks, researchers have started to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Chunqiu Steven Xia , Lingming Zhang

The automated program repair field has attracted substantial interest over the years, but despite significant research efforts, creating a system that works well for complex semantic bugs such as security vulnerabilities has proven…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Berkay Berabi , Alexey Gronskiy , Veselin Raychev , Gishor Sivanrupan , Victor Chibotaru , Martin Vechev

Automated Program Repair (APR) struggles with complex logic errors and silent failures. Current LLM-based APR methods are mostly static, relying on source code and basic test outputs, which fail to accurately capture complex runtime…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jiaqing Wu , Tong Wu , Manqing Zhang , Yunwei Dong , Bo Shen

In this paper, we first show that increases in beam size, even for small-sized LLMs (1B-7B params), require extensive GPU usage, leading to up to 80% of recurring crashes due to memory overloads in LLM-based APR. Seemingly simple solutions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Thanh Le-Cong , Bach Le , Toby Murray

Automatic program repair (APR) techniques have the potential to reduce manual efforts in uncovering and repairing program defects during the code review (CR) process. However, the limited accuracy and considerable time costs associated with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Zelin Zhao , Zhaogui Xu , Jialong Zhu , Peng Di , Yuan Yao , Xiaoxing Ma

Automated software debugging is a crucial task for improving the productivity of software developers. Many neural-based techniques have been proven effective for debugging-related tasks such as bug localization and program repair (or bug…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Nghi D. Q. Bui , Yue Wang , Steven Hoi

APR (Automated Program Repair) aims to automatically locate program defects, generate patches and validate the repairs. Existing techniques for APR are often combined with LLMs (Large Language Models), which leverages the code-related…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Haichuan Hu , Xiaochen Xie , Quanjun Zhang

LLM-integrated software, which embeds or interacts with large language models (LLMs) as functional components, exhibits probabilistic and context-dependent behaviors that fundamentally differ from those of traditional software. This shift…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Gou Tan , Zilong He , Min Li , Pengfei Chen , Jieke Shi , Zhensu Sun , Ting Zhang , Danwen Chen , Lwin Khin Shar , Chuanfu Zhang , David Lo

Providing personalized and timely feedback for student's programming assignments is useful for programming education. Automated program repair (APR) techniques have been used to fix the bugs in programming assignments, where the Large…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Fang Liu , Zhenwei Liu , Qianhui Zhao , Jing Jiang , Li Zhang , Ge Li , Zian Sun , Zhongqi Li , Yuchi Ma

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong potential for Automated Program Repair (APR), yet most existing approaches remain unimodal and fail to leverage the rich diagnostic signals contained in visual artifacts such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Xiaoxuan Tang , Jincheng Wang , Liwei Luo , Jingxuan Xu , Sheng Zhou , Dajun Chen , Wei Jiang , Yong Li

Fault Localization (FL), in which a developer seeks to identify which part of the code is malfunctioning and needs to be fixed, is a recurring challenge in debugging. To reduce developer burden, many automated FL techniques have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Sungmin Kang , Gabin An , Shin Yoo

Debugging consumes a substantial portion of the software development lifecycle, yet the effectiveness of Large Language Models(LLMs) in this task is not well understood. Competitive programming offers a rich benchmark for such evaluation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Nabiha Parvez , Tanvin Sarkar Pallab , Mia Mohammad Imran , Tarannum Shaila Zaman

Prompting LLMs with bug-related context (e.g., error messages, stack traces) improves automated program repair, but many bugs still remain unresolved. In real-world projects, developers often rely on broader repository and project-level…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ramtin Ehsani , Esteban Parra , Sonia Haiduc , Preetha Chatterjee

We revisit the performance of template-based APR to build comprehensive knowledge about the effectiveness of fix patterns, and to highlight the importance of complementary steps such as fault localization or donor code retrieval. To that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Kui Liu , Anil Koyuncu , Dongsun Kim , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé