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Clustering serves as a vital tool for uncovering latent data structures, and achieving both high accuracy and interpretability is essential. To this end, existing methods typically construct binary decision trees by solving mixed-integer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hayato Suzuki , Shunnosuke Ikeda , Yuichi Takano

Response-adaptive clinical trial designs allow targeting a given objective by skewing the allocation of participants to treatments based on observed outcomes. Response-adaptive designs face greater regulatory scrutiny due to potential type…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-19 Stef Baas , Peter Jacko , Sofía S. Villar

In correlation clustering, we are given $n$ objects together with a binary similarity score between each pair of them. The goal is to partition the objects into clusters so to minimise the disagreements with the scores. In this work we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Marco Bressan , Nicolò Cesa-Bianchi , Andrea Paudice , Fabio Vitale

Individualized treatment rules/recommendations (ITRs) aim to improve patient outcomes by tailoring treatments to the characteristics of each individual. However, when there are many treatment groups, existing methods face significant…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-27 Ke Zhu , Jianing Chu , Ilya Lipkovich , Wenyu Ye , Shu Yang

In response to the U.S.\ Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Project Optimus, a paradigm shift is underway in the design of early-phase oncology trials. To accelerate drug development, seamless Phase I/II designs have gained increasing…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-04 Kana Makino , Natsumi Makigusa , Masahiro Kojima

We study estimation of and inference for the average causal effect of treating every member of a population, as opposed to none, using an experiment that treats only some. Considering settings where spillovers can occur between any pair of…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-29 Stefan Faridani , Paul Niehaus

We study the clustering problem for mixtures of bounded covariance distributions, under a fine-grained separation assumption. Specifically, given samples from a $k$-component mixture distribution $D = \sum_{i =1}^k w_i P_i$, where each $w_i…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane , Jasper C. H. Lee , Thanasis Pittas

Suppose an online platform wants to compare a treatment and control policy, e.g., two different matching algorithms in a ridesharing system, or two different inventory management algorithms in an online retail site. Standard randomized…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-27 Peter Glynn , Ramesh Johari , Mohammad Rasouli

Balancing influential covariates is crucial for valid treatment comparisons in clinical studies. While covariate-adaptive randomization is commonly used to achieve balance, its performance can be inadequate when the number of baseline…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-30 Ziqing Guo , Yang Liu , Lucy Xia

A simple device for balancing for a continuous covariate in clinical trials is to stratify by whether the covariate is above or below some target value, typically the predicted median. This raises an issue as to which model should be used…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-24 Stephen Senn , Franz König , Martin Posch

This study combines simulated annealing with delta evaluation to solve the joint stratification and sample allocation problem. In this problem, atomic strata are partitioned into mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive strata. Each…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Mervyn O'Luing , Steven Prestwich , S. Armagan Tarim

In classification problems, sampling bias between training data and testing data is critical to the ranking performance of classification scores. Such bias can be both unintentionally introduced by data collection and intentionally…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-02 Chandler Zuo

When estimating causal effects from observational data with numerous covariates, employing penalized covariate selection can improve the estimation efficiency. Outcome-oriented covariate selection, which involves selecting covariates…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-14 Wataru Hongo , Shuji Ando , Jun Tsuchida , Takashi Sozu

Traditional methods for covariate adjustment of treatment means in designed experiments are inherently conditional on the observed covariate values. In order to develop a coherent general methodology for analysis of covariance, we propose a…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-01-19 James G. Booth , Walter T. Federer , Martin T. Wells , Russell D. Wolfinger

The rapid finding of effective therapeutics requires the efficient use of available resources in clinical trials. The use of covariate adjustment can yield statistical estimates with improved precision, resulting in a reduction in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-10 Nicholas Williams , Michael Rosenblum , Iván Díaz

We study the problem of causal structure learning from a combination of observational and interventional data generated by a linear non-Gaussian structural equation model that might contain cycles. Recent results show that using mere…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-05 Ehsan Sharifian , Saber Salehkaleybar , Negar Kiyavash

Stratification in both the design and analysis of randomized clinical trials is common. Despite features in automated randomization systems to re-confirm the stratifying variables, incorrect values of these variables may be entered. These…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-24 Neal Thomas

Randomized experiments are the gold standard for causal inference, and justify simple comparisons across treatment groups. Regression adjustment provides a convenient way to incorporate covariate information for additional efficiency. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-25 Anqi Zhao , Peng Ding

The comparison of different medical treatments from observational studies or across different clinical studies is often biased by confounding factors such as systematic differences in patient demographics or in the inclusion criteria for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-15 Ekkehard Glimm , Lillian Yau

We are interested in testing properties of distributions with systematically mislabeled samples. Our goal is to make decisions about unknown probability distributions, using a sample that has been collected by a confused collector, such as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Renato Ferreira Pinto , Nathaniel Harms