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Increasing the depth of GCN, which is expected to permit more expressivity, is shown to incur performance detriment especially on node classification. The main cause of this lies in over-smoothing. The over-smoothing issue drives the output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Wenbing Huang , Yu Rong , Tingyang Xu , Fuchun Sun , Junzhou Huang

Collaborative filtering methods based on graph neural networks (GNNs) have witnessed significant success in recommender systems (RS), capitalizing on their ability to capture collaborative signals within intricate user-item relationships…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Wei Wu , Chao Wang , Dazhong Shen , Chuan Qin , Liyi Chen , Hui Xiong

Hypergraph neural networks (HGNNs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in modeling complex higher-order relationships. However, existing HGNNs often suffer from over-smoothing as the number of layers increases and lack effective control…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Mengyao Zhou , Zhiheng Zhou , Xiao Han , Xingqin Qi , Guanghui Wang , Guiying Yan

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have received tremendous attention due to their superiority in learning node representations. These models rely on message passing and feature transformation functions to encode the structural and feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Kai Guo , Kaixiong Zhou , Xia Hu , Yu Li , Yi Chang , Xin Wang

A graph convolutional network (GCN) employs a graph filtering kernel tailored for data with irregular structures. However, simply stacking more GCN layers does not improve performance; instead, the output converges to an uninformative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Jin Zeng , Yang Liu , Gene Cheung , Wei Hu

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) are Graph Neural Networks where the convolutions are applied over a graph. In contrast to Convolutional Neural Networks, GCN's are designed to perform inference on graphs, where the number of nodes can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Adrian Moldovan , Angel Caţaron , Răzvan Andonie

Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCN), a widely adopted method for analyzing relational data, enhances node discriminability through the aggregation of neighboring information. Usually, stacking multiple layers can improve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Furong Peng , Kang Liu , Xuan Lu , Yuhua Qian , Hongren Yan , Chao Ma

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have become pivotal in recommendation systems for learning user and item embeddings by leveraging the user-item interaction graph's node information and topology. However, these models often face the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Leilei Ding , Dazhong Shen , Chao Wang , Tianfu Wang , Le Zhang , Yanyong Zhang

Recent years have witnessed remarkable success achieved by graph neural networks (GNNs) in many real-world applications such as recommendation and drug discovery. Despite the success, oversmoothing has been identified as one of the key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Wei Jin , Xiaorui Liu , Yao Ma , Charu Aggarwal , Jiliang Tang

Heterogeneous graphs have attracted a lot of research interests recently due to the success for representing complex real-world systems. However, existing methods have two pain points in embedding them into low-dimensional spaces: the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Qijie Bai , Changli Nie , Haiwei Zhang , Zhicheng Dou , Xiaojie Yuan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) suffer from over-smoothing in deep architectures and expressiveness bounded by the 1-Weisfeiler-Leman (1-WL) test. We adapt Manifold-Constrained Hyper-Connections (\mhc)~\citep{xie2025mhc}, recently proposed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Subhankar Mishra

This report gives a summary of two problems about graph convolutional networks (GCNs): over-smoothing and heterophily challenges, and outlines future directions to explore.

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Sitao Luan

Graph convolutional networks learn effective node embeddings that have proven to be useful in achieving high-accuracy prediction results in semi-supervised learning tasks, such as node classification. However, these networks suffer from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Mahsa Mesgaran , A. Ben Hamza

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been successfully applied in node classification tasks of network mining. However, most of these models based on neighborhood aggregation are usually shallow and lack the "graph pooling" mechanism,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Fenyu Hu , Yanqiao Zhu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan

Knowledge graphs (KGs) are commonly used as side information to enhance collaborative signals and improve recommendation quality. In the context of knowledge-aware recommendation (KGR), graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as promising…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Yi Liu , Hongrui Xuan , Bohan Li , Meng Wang , Tong Chen , Hongzhi Yin

In this paper, we explore the approximation theory of functions defined on graphs. Our study builds upon the approximation results derived from the $K$-functional. We establish a theoretical framework to assess the lower bounds of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Guangrui Yang , Jianfei Li , Ming Li , Han Feng , Ding-Xuan Zhou

To read the final version please go to IEEE TGRS on IEEE Xplore. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been attracting increasing attention in hyperspectral (HS) image classification, owing to their ability to capture spatial-spectral…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Danfeng Hong , Lianru Gao , Jing Yao , Bing Zhang , Antonio Plaza , Jocelyn Chanussot

Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNs) generalize tradition convolutional neural networks (CNNs) from low-dimensional regular graphs (e.g., image) to high dimensional irregular graphs (e.g., text documents on word embeddings). Due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Mehrnaz Najafi , Philip S. Yu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved success in various inference tasks on graph-structured data. However, common challenges faced by many GNNs in the literature include the problem of graph node embedding under various geometries and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Qiyu Kang , Kai Zhao , Yang Song , Sijie Wang , Rui She , Wee Peng Tay

Oversmoothing in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) refers to the phenomenon where increasing network depth leads to homogeneous node representations. While previous work has established that Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) exponentially lose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xinyi Wu , Amir Ajorlou , Zihui Wu , Ali Jadbabaie