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Language model inversion seeks to recover hidden prompts using only language model outputs. This capability has implications for security and accountability in language model deployments, such as leaking private information from an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Murtaza Nazir , Matthew Finlayson , John X. Morris , Xiang Ren , Swabha Swayamdipta

Prompt-based methods have been successfully applied to multilingual pretrained language models for zero-shot cross-lingual understanding. However, most previous studies primarily focused on sentence-level classification tasks, and only a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Bolei Ma , Ercong Nie , Shuzhou Yuan , Helmut Schmid , Michael Färber , Frauke Kreuter , Hinrich Schütze

Modern language models (LMs) are not robust to out-of-distribution inputs. Machine generated (``optimized'') prompts can be used to modulate LM outputs and induce specific behaviors while appearing completely uninterpretable. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Rimon Melamed , Lucas H. McCabe , H. Howie Huang

Evaluating the quality of machine-generated natural language content is a challenging task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Recently, large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have been employed for this purpose, but they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Daniil Larionov , Steffen Eger

All languages are equal; when it comes to tokenization, some are more equal than others. Tokens are the hidden currency that dictate the cost and latency of access to contemporary LLMs. However, many languages written in non-Latin scripts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Maitrey Mehta , Nishant Subramani , Zhichao Xu , Ashim Gupta , Vivek Srikumar

Prompting approaches have been recently explored in text style transfer, where a textual prompt is used to query a pretrained language model to generate style-transferred texts word by word in an autoregressive manner. However, such a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Guoqing Luo , Yu Tong Han , Lili Mou , Mauajama Firdaus

Subword tokenization methods, such as Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE), significantly impact the performance and efficiency of large language models (LLMs). The standard approach involves training a general-purpose tokenizer that uniformly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Vijini Liyanage , François Yvon

We combine character-level and contextual language model representations to improve performance on Discourse Representation Structure parsing. Character representations can easily be added in a sequence-to-sequence model in either one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Rik van Noord , Antonio Toral , Johan Bos

Large language models (LLMs) trained with canonical tokenization exhibit surprising robustness to non-canonical inputs such as character-level tokenization, yet the mechanisms underlying this robustness remain unclear. We study this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zhipeng Yang , Shu Yang , Lijie Hu , Di Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional performance in code generation and understanding tasks, yet their high computational costs hinder broader adoption. One important factor is the inherent verbosity of programming languages,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Zhensu Sun , Chengran Yang , Xiaoning Du , Zhou Yang , Li Li , David Lo

Tokenizer is an essential component for large language models (LLMs), and a tokenizer with a high compression rate can improve the model's representation and processing efficiency. However, the tokenizer cannot ensure high compression rate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shuhao Gu , Mengdi Zhao , Bowen Zhang , Liangdong Wang , Jijie Li , Guang Liu

Characters are the smallest unit of text that can extract stylometric signals to determine the author of a text. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of character-level signals in Authorship Attribution of Bangla Literature and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Aisha Khatun , Anisur Rahman , Md. Saiful Islam , Marium-E-Jannat

Recent advances in image tokenizers, such as VQ-VAE, have enabled text-to-image generation using auto-regressive methods, similar to language modeling. However, these methods have yet to leverage pre-trained language models, despite their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Yuhui Zhang , Brandon McKinzie , Zhe Gan , Vaishaal Shankar , Alexander Toshev

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining significant popularity in recent years for specialized tasks using prompts due to their low computational cost. Standard methods like prefix tuning utilize special, modifiable tokens that lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Asif Mahmud , Md. Shohanur Islam Sobuj , Prakash Bhat , Md Kowsher , Niloofar Yousefi , Ozlem Ozmen Garibay

While modern Transformer-based language models (LMs) have achieved major success in multi-task generalization, they often struggle to capture long-range dependencies within their context window. This work introduces a novel approach using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Alok N. Shah , Khush Gupta , Keshav Ramji , Pratik Chaudhari

Subword tokenization schemes are the dominant technique used in current NLP models. However, such schemes can be rigid and tokenizers built on one corpus do not adapt well to other parallel corpora. It has also been observed that in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Makesh Narsimhan Sreedhar , Xiangpeng Wan , Yu Cheng , Junjie Hu

Aligning language models (LMs) with preferences is an important problem in natural language generation. A key challenge is that preferences are typically provided at the sequence level while LM training and generation both occur at the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Shentao Yang , Shujian Zhang , Congying Xia , Yihao Feng , Caiming Xiong , Mingyuan Zhou

Chain-of-thought responses from language models improve performance across most benchmarks. However, it remains unclear to what extent these performance gains can be attributed to human-like task decomposition or simply the greater…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Jacob Pfau , William Merrill , Samuel R. Bowman

Language models (LM) for interactive speech recognition systems are trained on large amounts of data and the model parameters are optimized on past user data. New application intents and interaction types are released for these systems over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Ankur Gandhe , Ariya Rastrow , Bjorn Hoffmeister

In recent years, substantial advancements have been made in the development of large language models, achieving remarkable performance across diverse tasks. To evaluate the knowledge ability of language models, previous studies have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Xunjian Yin , Xu Zhang , Jie Ruan , Xiaojun Wan