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Bidiagonal matrices are widespread in numerical linear algebra, not least because of their use in the standard algorithm for computing the singular value decomposition and their appearance as LU factors of tridiagonal matrices. We show that…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Nicholas J. Higham

The main objects of the investigation presented in this paper are branched-continued-fraction representations of ratios of contiguous hypergeometric series and type II multiple orthogonal polynomials on the step-line with respect to linear…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2023-03-02 Hélder Lima

In a previous paper, we presented conjectures of the recurrence relations with constant coefficients for the multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials of Laguerre, Jacobi, Wilson and Askey-Wilson types. In this paper we present a proof for the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-02-10 Satoru Odake

It is well known that Sobolev-type orthogonal polynomials with respect to measures supported on the real line satisfy higher-order recurrence relations and these can be expressed as a (2N+1)-banded symmetric semi-infinite matrix. In this…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-03-08 Carlos Hermoso , Edmundo J. Huertas , Alberto Lastra , Francisco Marcellán

We investigate multiple orthogonal polynomials associated with the system of measures obtained by applying a Christoffel transform to each of the orthogonality measures. We present an algorithm for computing the transformed recurrence…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Rostyslav Kozhan , Marcus Vaktnäs

It is well-known that orthogonal polynomials on the real line satisfy a three-term recurrence relation and conversely every system of polynomials satisfying a three-term recurrence relation is orthogonal with respect to some positive Borel…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Antonio J. Durán , Walter Van Assche

We consider bivariate polynomials orthogonal on the bicircle with respect to a positive linear functional. The lexicographical and reverse lexicographical orderings are used to order the monomials. Recurrence formulas are derived between…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jeffrey S. Geronimo , Hugo Woerdeman

Zeilberger's algorithm provides a method to compute recurrence and differential equations from given hypergeometric series representations, and an adaption of Almquist and Zeilberger computes recurrence and differential equations for…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Wolfram Koepf , Dieter Schmersau

We introduce and analyse a new family of multiple orthogonal polynomials of hypergeometric type with respect to two measures supported on the positive real line which can be described in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions of the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2020-01-22 Hélder Lima , Ana Loureiro

We study monic polynomials $Q_n(x)$ generated by a high order three-term recursion $xQ_n(x)=Q_{n+1}(x)+a_{n-p} Q_{n-p}(x)$ with arbitrary $p\geq 1$ and $a_n>0$ for all $n$. The recursion is encoded by a two-diagonal Hessenberg operator $H$.…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2023-08-30 Steven Delvaux , Abey López García

We give a complete characterization of the positive trigonometric polynomials Q(\theta,\phi) on the bi-circle, which can be factored as Q(\theta,\phi)=|p(e^{i\theta},e^{i\phi})|^2 where p(z,w) is a polynomial nonzero for |z|=1 and |w|\leq…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2014-10-23 Jeffrey S. Geronimo , Plamen Iliev

A spectral Favard theorem for bounded banded lower Hessenberg matrices that admit a positive bidiagonal factorization is found. The large knowledge on the spectral and factorization properties of oscillatory matrices leads to this spectral…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-10-21 Amilcar Branquinho , Ana Foulquié-Moreno , Manuel Mañas

A new calculus of planar diagrams involving diagrammatics for biadjoint functors and degenerate affine Hecke algebras is introduced. The calculus leads to an additive monoidal category whose Grothendieck ring contains an integral form of…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2010-09-20 Mikhail Khovanov

We study matrix three term relations for orthogonal polynomials in two variables constructed from orthogonal polynomials in one variable. Using the three term recurrence relation for the involved univariate orthogonal polynomials, the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-03-24 Misael Marriaga , Teresa E. Pérez , Miguel A. Piñar

We give some structural formulas for the family of matrix-valued orthogonal polynomials of size $2\times 2$ introduced by C. Calder\'on et al. in an earlier work, which are common eigenfunctions of a differential operator of hypergeometric…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2021-11-29 C. Calderón , M. M. Castro

We use Riordan array theory to give characterizations of the Borel triangle and its associated polynomial sequence. We show that the Borel polynomials are the moment sequence for a family of orthogonal polynomials whose coefficient array is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-27 Paul Barry

We consider biorthogonal polynomials that arise in the study of a generalization of two--matrix Hermitian models with two polynomial potentials V_1(x), V_2(y) of any degree, with arbitrary complex coefficients. Finite consecutive…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2009-01-28 M. Bertola , B. Eynard , J. Harnad

We analyze the effect of symmetrization in the theory of multiple orthogonal polynomials. For a symmetric sequence of type II multiple orthogonal polynomials satisfying a high-term recurrence relation, we fully characterize the Weyl…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2021-02-19 Amílcar Branquinho , Edmundo J. Huertas

We define the non-commutative multiple bi-orthogonal polynomial systems, which simultaneously generalize the concepts of multiple orthogonality, matrix orthogonal polynomials and of the bi-orthogonality. We present quasideterminantal…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2025-10-03 Adam Doliwa

In this work is presented a study on matrix biorthogonal polynomials sequences that satisfy a nonsymmetric recurrence relation with unbounded coefficients. The ratio asymptotic for this family of matrix biorthogonal polynomials is derived…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-10-05 Amilcar Branquinho , Juan Carlos García-Ardila , Francisco Marcellán