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This report presents the comprehensive implementation, evaluation, and optimization of Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs) and Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models (DDIMs), which are state-of-the-art generative models. During…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Jaineet Shah , Michael Gromis , Rickston Pinto

A reliable reward function is essential for reinforcement learning (RL) in image generation. Most current RL approaches depend on pre-trained preference models that output scalar rewards to approximate human preferences. However, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Weijia Mao , Hao Chen , Zhenheng Yang , Mike Zheng Shou

Diffusion models have demonstrated their utility as learned priors for solving various inverse problems. However, most existing approaches are limited to linear inverse problems. This paper exploits the efficient and unsupervised posterior…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-07 Mehmet Onurcan Kaya , Figen S. Oktem

Diffusion models have become a leading paradigm for image super-resolution (SR), but existing methods struggle to guarantee both the high-frequency perceptual quality and the low-frequency structural fidelity of generated images. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hexin Zhang , Dong Li , Jie Huang , Bingzhou Wang , Xueyang Fu , Zhengjun Zha

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently achieved great success for single image super-resolution (SISR) task due to their powerful feature representation capabilities. The most recent deep learning based SISR methods focus…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-11 Rao Muhammad Umer , Gian Luca Foresti , Christian Micheloni

We propose Diffusion-Sharpening, a fine-tuning approach that enhances downstream alignment by optimizing sampling trajectories. Existing RL-based fine-tuning methods focus on single training timesteps and neglect trajectory-level alignment,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ye Tian , Ling Yang , Xinchen Zhang , Yunhai Tong , Mengdi Wang , Bin Cui

Recent advancements in diffusion models (DMs) have greatly advanced remote sensing image super-resolution (RSISR). However, their iterative sampling processes often result in slow inference speeds, limiting their application in real-time…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-26 Xiaohui Sun , Jiangwei Mo , Hanlin Wu , Jie Ma

Diffusion model (DM) has achieved SOTA performance by modeling the image synthesis process into a sequential application of a denoising network. However, different from image synthesis, image restoration (IR) has a strong constraint to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Bin Xia , Yulun Zhang , Shiyin Wang , Yitong Wang , Xinglong Wu , Yapeng Tian , Wenming Yang , Luc Van Gool

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful tool for aligning diffusion models with human preferences, typically by optimizing a single reward function under a KL regularization constraint. In practice, however, human preferences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Qi Zhang , Dawei Wang , Shaofeng Zou

The recent use of diffusion prior, enhanced by pre-trained text-image models, has markedly elevated the performance of image super-resolution (SR). To alleviate the huge computational cost required by pixel-based diffusion SR, latent-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Feng Luo , Jinxi Xiang , Jun Zhang , Xiao Han , Wei Yang

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), which aligns a diffusion model with input prompt, has become a crucial step in building reliable generative AI models. Most works in this area use a discrete-time formulation, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Hanyang Zhao , Haoxian Chen , Ji Zhang , David D. Yao , Wenpin Tang

Faithful image super-resolution (SR) not only needs to recover images that appear realistic, similar to image generation tasks, but also requires that the restored images maintain fidelity and structural consistency with the input. To this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Junyang Chen , Jinshan Pan , Jiangxin Dong

Fine-tuning foundation models has emerged as a powerful approach for generating objects with specific desired properties. Reinforcement learning (RL) provides an effective framework for this purpose, enabling models to generate outputs that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Pouya M. Ghari , Simone Sciabola , Ye Wang

Speech super-resolution (SR) is the task that restores high-resolution speech from low-resolution input. Existing models employ simulated data and constrained experimental settings, which limit generalization to real-world SR. Predictive…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-26 Heming Wang , Eric W. Healy , DeLiang Wang

Image super-resolution (SR) aims to reconstruct high resolution images with both high perceptual quality and low distortion, but is fundamentally limited by the perception-distortion trade-off. GAN-based SR methods reduce distortion but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Dan Wang , Haiyan Sun , Shan Du , Z. Jane Wang , Zhaochong An , Serge Belongie , Xinrui Cui

Generative diffusion processes are an emerging and effective tool for image and speech generation. In the existing methods, the underlying noise distribution of the diffusion process is Gaussian noise. However, fitting distributions with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-13 Eliya Nachmani , Robin San Roman , Lior Wolf

Recent work uses reinforcement learning (RL) to fine-tune text-to-image diffusion models, improving text-image alignment and sample quality. However, existing approaches introduce unnecessary complexity: they cache the full sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Yanting Miao , William Loh , Pacal Poupart , Suraj Kothawade

Diffusion models have emerged as a key pillar of foundation models in visual domains. One of their critical applications is to universally solve different downstream inverse tasks via a single diffusion prior without re-training for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Morteza Mardani , Jiaming Song , Jan Kautz , Arash Vahdat

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPM) have shown remarkable performance in unconditional image generation. However, due to the stochasticity of the generative process in DDPM, it is challenging to generate images with the desired…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Jooyoung Choi , Sungwon Kim , Yonghyun Jeong , Youngjune Gwon , Sungroh Yoon

Denoising diffusion models represent a recent emerging topic in computer vision, demonstrating remarkable results in the area of generative modeling. A diffusion model is a deep generative model that is based on two stages, a forward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Florinel-Alin Croitoru , Vlad Hondru , Radu Tudor Ionescu , Mubarak Shah