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In this paper, we investigate recommender systems from a network perspective and investigate recommendation networks, where nodes are items (e.g., movies) and edges are constructed from top-N recommendations (e.g., related movies). In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-07-30 Daniel Lamprecht , Markus Strohmaier , Denis Helic

The problem of session-based recommendation aims to predict user actions based on anonymous sessions. Previous methods model a session as a sequence and estimate user representations besides item representations to make recommendations.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Shu Wu , Yuyuan Tang , Yanqiao Zhu , Liang Wang , Xing Xie , Tieniu Tan

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) are Graph Neural Networks where the convolutions are applied over a graph. In contrast to Convolutional Neural Networks, GCN's are designed to perform inference on graphs, where the number of nodes can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Adrian Moldovan , Angel Caţaron , Răzvan Andonie

With the explosive growth of Internet data, users are facing the problem of information overload, which makes it a challenge to efficiently obtain the required resources. Recommendation systems have emerged in this context. By filtering…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Wenyi Liu , Rui Wang , Yuanshuai Luo , Jianjun Wei , Zihao Zhao , Junming Huang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) perform computations on graphs by routing the signal between graph regions using a graph shift operator or a message passing scheme. Often, the propagation of the signal leads to a loss of information, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Eden Nagar , Ya-Wei Eileen Lin , Ron Levie

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in various graph mining tasks.However, drastic performance degradation is always observed when a GNN is stacked with many layers. As a result, most GNNs only have shallow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Wentao Zhang , Zeang Sheng , Ziqi Yin , Yuezihan Jiang , Yikuan Xia , Jun Gao , Zhi Yang , Bin Cui

Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs) hold a key position in machine learning on graphs, but they struggle with unintended behaviors, such as over-smoothing and over-squashing, due to irregular data structures. The observation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Junhyun Lee , Veronika Thost , Bumsoo Kim , Jaewoo Kang , Tengfei Ma

This paper presents an analytical study of the oversmoothing issue in diffusion-based Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Generalizing beyond extant approaches grounded in random walk analysis or particle systems, we approach this problem through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Weichen Zhao , Chenguang Wang , Xinyan Wang , Congying Han , Tiande Guo , Tianshu Yu

Graphs are useful for representing various realworld objects. However, graph neural networks (GNNs) tend to suffer from over-smoothing, where the representations of nodes of different classes become similar as the number of layers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Jun Kato , Airi Mita , Keita Gobara , Akihiro Inokuchi

Information technology has spread widely, and extraordinarily large amounts of data have been made accessible to users, which has made it challenging to select data that are in accordance with user needs. For the resolution of the above…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Saman Forouzandeh , Mehrdad Rostami , Kamal Berahmand

Cold-start problem is a fundamental challenge for recommendation tasks. The recent self-supervised learning (SSL) on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) model, PT-GNN, pre-trains the GNN model to reconstruct the cold-start embeddings and has shown…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Bowen Hao , Hongzhi Yin , Jing Zhang , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen

Recommender systems based on graph neural networks perform well in tasks such as rating and ranking. However, in real-world recommendation scenarios, noise such as user misuse and malicious advertisement gradually accumulates through the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Meng Yan , Cai Xu , Xujing Wang , Ziyu Guan , Wei Zhao , Yuhang Zhou

In node classification tasks, graph convolutional neural networks (GCNs) have demonstrated competitive performance over traditional methods on diverse graph data. However, it is known that the performance of GCNs degrades with increasing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Yujun Yan , Milad Hashemi , Kevin Swersky , Yaoqing Yang , Danai Koutra

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are designed to process data associated with graphs. They are finding an increasing range of applications; however, as with other modern machine learning techniques, their theoretical understanding is limited.…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-02-23 O. Duranthon , L. Zdeborová

Modern recommender systems aim to deeply understand users' complex preferences through their past interactions. While deep collaborative filtering approaches using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) excel at capturing user-item relationships,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yangqin Jiang , Yuhao Yang , Lianghao Xia , Da Luo , Kangyi Lin , Chao Huang

A common issue in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) is known as over-smoothing. By increasing the number of iterations within the message-passing of GNNs, the nodes' representations of the input graph align with each other and become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Christian M. M. Frey , Yunpu Ma , Matthias Schubert

Residual connections and normalization layers have become standard design choices for graph neural networks (GNNs), and were proposed as solutions to the mitigate the oversmoothing problem in GNNs. However, how exactly these methods help…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Michael Scholkemper , Xinyi Wu , Ali Jadbabaie , Michael T. Schaub

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for modeling graph-structured data and have been widely used in recommender systems, such as for capturing complex user-item and item-item relations. However, most industrial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Rui Xue , Shichao Zhu , Liang Qin , Tianfu Wu

Different from the traditional recommender system, the session-based recommender system introduces the concept of the session, i.e., a sequence of interactions between a user and multiple items within a period, to preserve the user's recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Ruihong Qiu , Zi Huang , Jingjing Li , Hongzhi Yin

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely investigated in the field of semi-supervised graph machine learning. Most methods fail to exploit adequate graph information when labeled data is limited, leading to the problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Linxuan Song , Wenxuan Tu , Sihang Zhou , Xinwang Liu , En Zhu