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Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) is a popular data-driven method to approximate the Koopman operator for deterministic and stochastic (control) systems. This operator is linear and encompasses full information on the (expected…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Friedrich Philipp , Manuel Schaller , Karl Worthmann , Sebastian Peitz , Feliks Nüske

Extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) is a popular data-driven method to predict the action of the Koopman operator, i.e., the evolution of an observable function along the flow of a dynamical system. In this paper, we leverage a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-17 Lea Bold , Manuel Schaller , Irene Schimperna , Karl Worthmann

For nonlinear (control) systems, extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) is a popular method to obtain data-driven surrogate models. Its theoretical foundation is the Koopman framework, in which one propagates observable functions of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-24 Lea Bold , Lars Grüne , Manuel Schaller , Karl Worthmann

Controlling nonlinear dynamical systems remains a central challenge in a wide range of applications, particularly when accurate first-principle models are unavailable. Data-driven approaches offer a promising alternative by designing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Robin Strässer , Karl Worthmann , Igor Mezić , Julian Berberich , Manuel Schaller , Frank Allgöwer

In this paper, we provide a tutorial overview and an extension of a recently developed framework for data-driven control of unknown nonlinear systems with rigorous closed-loop guarantees. The proposed approach relies on the Koopman operator…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-11 Robin Strässer , Julian Berberich , Manuel Schaller , Karl Worthmann , Frank Allgöwer

This paper derives conditions under which Model Predictive Control (MPC) with terminal conditions, using a data-driven surrogate model as a prediction model, asymptotically stabilizes the plant despite approximation errors. In particular,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Irene Schimperna , Lea Bold , Johannes Köhler , Karl Worthmann , Lalo Magni

While Koopman-based techniques like extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition are nowadays ubiquitous in the data-driven approximation of dynamical systems, quantitative error estimates were only recently established. To this end, both sources of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-15 Manuel Schaller , Karl Worthmann , Friedrich Philipp , Sebastian Peitz , Feliks Nüske

Within this work, we investigate how data-driven numerical approximation methods of the Koopman operator can be used in practical control engineering applications. We refer to the method Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD), which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-16 Annika Junker , Julia Timmermann , Ansgar Trächtler

In this paper, we analyze stability of nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) using data-driven surrogate models in the optimization step. First, we establish asymptotic stability of the origin, a controlled steady state, w.r.t. the MPC…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Irene Schimperna , Karl Worthmann , Manuel Schaller , Lea Bold , Lalo Magni

The Koopman operator serves as the theoretical backbone for machine learning of dynamical control systems, where the operator is heuristically approximated by extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD). In this paper, we propose SafEDMD, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Robin Strässer , Manuel Schaller , Karl Worthmann , Julian Berberich , Frank Allgöwer

Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) is a widely-used data-driven approach to learn an approximation of the Koopman operator. Consequently, it provides a powerful tool for data-driven analysis, prediction, and control of nonlinear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-23 Yang Guo , Manuel Schaller , Karl Worthmann , Stefan Streif

We derive a data-driven method for the approximation of the Koopman generator called gEDMD, which can be regarded as a straightforward extension of EDMD (extended dynamic mode decomposition). This approach is applicable to deterministic and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-03-18 Stefan Klus , Feliks Nüske , Sebastian Peitz , Jan-Hendrik Niemann , Cecilia Clementi , Christof Schütte

We prove $L^\infty$-error bounds for kernel extended dynamic mode decomposition (kEDMD) approximants of the Koopman operator for stochastic dynamical systems. To this end, we establish Koopman invariance of suitably chosen reproducing…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Maximiliano Hertel , Friedrich M. Philipp , Manuel Schaller , Karl Worthmann

The Koopman operator is a linear, infinite-dimensional operator that governs the dynamics of system observables; Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) is a data-driven method for approximating the Koopman operator using functions…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-05-21 Anthony M. DeGennaro , Nathan M. Urban

We derive novel deterministic bounds on the approximation error of data-based bilinear surrogate models for unknown nonlinear systems. The surrogate models are constructed using kernel-based extended dynamic mode decomposition to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-24 Robin Strässer , Manuel Schaller , Julian Berberich , Karl Worthmann , Frank Allgöwer

The Koopman operator and extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) as a data-driven technique for its approximation have attracted considerable attention as a key tool for modeling, analysis, and control of complex dynamical systems.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-07 Philipp Schmitz , Lea Bold , Friedrich M. Philipp , Mario Rosenfelder , Peter Eberhard , Henrik Ebel , Karl Worthmann

Data-driven model predictive control based on Willems' fundamental lemma has proven effective for linear systems, but extending stability guarantees to nonlinear systems remains an open challenge. In this paper, we establish conditions…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-19 Amin Taghieh , SangWoo Park

We present Stochastic Dynamic Mode Decomposition (SDMD), a novel data-driven framework for approximating the Koopman semigroup in stochastic dynamical systems. Unlike existing methods, SDMD explicitly incorporates sampling time into its…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-08-20 Yuanchao Xu , Kaidi Shao , Isao Ishikawa , Yuka Hashimoto , Nikos Logothetis , Zhongwei Shen

Extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) is a well-established method to generate a data-driven approximation of the Koopman operator for analysis and prediction of nonlinear dynamical systems. Recently, kernel EDMD (kEDMD) has gained…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-07-08 Frederik Köhne , Friedrich M. Philipp , Manuel Schaller , Anton Schiela , Karl Worthmann

The Koopman operator framework can be used to identify a data-driven model of a nonlinear system. Unfortunately, when the data is corrupted by noise, the identified model can be biased. Additionally, depending on the choice of lifting…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-02 Louis Lortie , James Richard Forbes
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