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The growing deployment of large language model (LLM) based agents that interact with external environments has created new attack surfaces for adversarial manipulation. One major threat is indirect prompt injection, where attackers embed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hwan Chang , Yonghyun Jun , Hwanhee Lee

Most discussions about Large Language Model (LLM) safety have focused on single-agent settings but multi-agent LLM systems now create novel adversarial risks because their behavior depends on communication between agents and decentralized…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Rana Muhammad Shahroz Khan , Zhen Tan , Sukwon Yun , Charles Fleming , Tianlong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in education, yet their default helpfulness often conflicts with pedagogical principles. Prior work evaluates pedagogical quality via answer leakage-the disclosure of complete solutions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jin Zhao , Marta Knežević , Tanja Käser

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate or augment penetration testing, but their effectiveness and reliability across attack phases remain unclear. We present a comprehensive evaluation of multiple LLM-based agents,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Lanxiao Huang , Daksh Dave , Tyler Cody , Peter Beling , Ming Jin

Following the advancement of large language models (LLMs), the development of LLM-based autonomous agents has become increasingly prevalent. As a result, the need to understand the security vulnerabilities of these agents has become a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Itay Nakash , George Kour , Guy Uziel , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

Autonomous code agents built on large language models are reshaping software and AI development through tool use, long-horizon reasoning, and self-directed interaction. However, this autonomy introduces a previously unrecognized security…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Xiang Zheng , Yutao Wu , Hanxun Huang , Yige Li , Xingjun Ma , Bo Li , Yu-Gang Jiang , Cong Wang

Multi-robot task planning requires decomposing natural-language instructions into executable actions for heterogeneous robot teams. Conventional Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) planners provide rigorous guarantees but struggle to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Tomoya Kawabe , Rin Takano

Code Sensitivity refers to the ability of Code LLMs to recognize and respond to details changes in problem descriptions. While current code benchmarks and instruction data focus on difficulty and diversity, sensitivity is overlooked. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Xianzhen Luo , Qingfu Zhu , Zhiming Zhang , Mingzheng Xu , Tianhao Cheng , Yixuan Wang , Zheng Chu , Shijie Xuyang , Zhiyuan Ma , YuanTao Fan , Wanxiang Che

Recently, Large language models (LLMs) with powerful general capabilities have been increasingly integrated into various Web applications, while undergoing alignment training to ensure that the generated content aligns with user intent and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Shuyu Jiang , Xingshu Chen , Rui Tang

The ongoing rise in cyberattacks and the lack of skilled professionals in the cybersecurity domain to combat these attacks show the need for automated tools capable of detecting an attack with good performance. Attackers disguise their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Arti Bandhana , Ondřej Lukáš , Sebastian Garcia , Tomáš Kroupa

Tool-augmented Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated impressive capabilities in automating complex, multi-step real-world tasks, yet remain vulnerable to indirect prompt injection. Adversaries exploit this weakness by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Peixin Zhang , Jun Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful approach for driving offensive penetration-testing tooling. Due to the opaque nature of LLMs, empirical methods are typically used to analyze their efficacy. The quality of this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Andreas Happe , Jürgen Cito

System Instructions in Large Language Models (LLMs) are commonly used to enforce safety policies, define agent behavior, and protect sensitive operational context in agentic AI applications. These instructions may contain sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Anubhab Sahu , Diptisha Samanta , Reza Soosahabi

Unix competence is the ability to use shell and operating-system primitives as first-class tools, not merely to write programs through a terminal. Current terminal benchmarks tend to blur this distinction: a solver fluent in Python but weak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Geoffrey Bradway , Roger Creus Castanyer , Lorenz Wolf , Maxwill Lin , Matthew James Sargent , Augustine N. Mavor-Parker

Multi-agent Large Language Model (LLM) systems create privacy risks that current benchmarks cannot measure. When agents coordinate on tasks, sensitive data passes through inter-agent messages, shared memory, and tool arguments, all pathways…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Faouzi El Yagoubi , Godwin Badu-Marfo , Ranwa Al Mallah

The fast advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) are driving an increasing number of applications. Together with the growing number of users, we also see an increasing number of attackers who try to outsmart these systems. They want…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Patrick Levi , Christoph P. Neumann

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into web browsers to create agentic browsing systems that execute actions on behalf of the user. Prior work considering the security of agentic browsers focuses exclusively on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Sohom Datta , Alex Nahapetyan , William Enck , Alexandros Kapravelos

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly acting as autonomous agents, but their continuous interaction with the environment can lead to in-context reward hacking (ICRH), a phenomenon where LLMs iteratively optimize their behavior to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiayong Wan , Jiawei Chen , Zhaoxia Yin , Liu Shuyuan , Hang Su

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown great potential for autonomous decision-making in the cybersecurity domain, enabling agents to learn through direct environment interaction. However, RL agents in Autonomous Cyber Operations (ACO)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Konur Tholl , François Rivest , Mariam El Mezouar , Adrian Taylor , Ranwa Al Mallah

Code-capable large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly embedded into software engineering workflows where they can read, write, and execute code, raising the stakes of safety-bypass ("jailbreak") attacks beyond text-only settings.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Shoumik Saha , Jifan Chen , Sam Mayers , Sanjay Krishna Gouda , Zijian Wang , Varun Kumar