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The increasing levels of software- and data-intensive driving automation call for an evolution of automotive software testing. As a recommended practice of the Verification and Validation (V&V) process of ISO/PAS 21448, a candidate standard…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Markus Borg , Raja Ben Abdessalem , Shiva Nejati , Francois-Xavier Jegeden , Donghwan Shin

Motion planning is a crucial component in autonomous driving. State-of-the-art motion planners are trained on meticulously curated datasets, which are not only expensive to annotate but also insufficient in capturing rarely seen critical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Aizierjiang Aiersilan

Designing diverse and safety-critical driving scenarios is essential for evaluating autonomous driving systems. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) for few-shot code generation to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yongjie Fu , Ruijian Zha , Pei Tian , Xuan Di

Testing and evaluation is a crucial step in the development and deployment of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs). To comprehensively evaluate the performance of CAVs, it is of necessity to test the CAVs in safety-critical scenarios,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Haowei Sun , Shuo Feng , Xintao Yan , Henry X. Liu

Evaluating the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) requires diverse, safety-critical scenarios, with collisions being especially important yet rare and unsafe to collect in the real world. Therefore, the community has been focusing on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Pin-Lun Chen , Chi-Hsi Kung , Che-Han Chang , Wei-Chen Chiu , Yi-Ting Chen

Adversarial scenario generation is crucial for autonomous driving testing because it can efficiently simulate various challenge and complex traffic conditions. However, it is difficult to control current existing methods to generate desired…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Shuo Yang , Caojun Wang , Yuanjian Zhang , Yuming Yin , Yanjun Huang , Shengbo Eben Li , Hong Chen

Ensuring and improving the safety of autonomous driving systems (ADS) is crucial for the deployment of highly automated vehicles, especially in safety-critical events. To address the rarity issue, adversarial scenario generation methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yuewen Mei , Tong Nie , Jian Sun , Ye Tian

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) require extensive testing and validation before deployment. However, it is tedious and time-consuming to construct traffic scenarios for ADS testing. In this paper, we propose TrafficComposer, a multi-modal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Zhi Tu , Liangkun Niu , Wei Fan , Tianyi Zhang

Autonomous Driving (AD) systems demand the high levels of safety assurance. Despite significant advancements in AD demonstrated on open-source benchmarks like Longest6 and Bench2Drive, existing datasets still lack regulatory-compliant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jingzheng Li , Tiancheng Wang , Xingyu Peng , Jiacheng Chen , Zhijun Chen , Bing Li , Xianglong Liu

Despite recent advances in autonomous driving systems, accidents such as the fatal Uber crash in 2018 show these systems are still susceptible to edge cases. Such systems must be thoroughly tested and validated before being deployed in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Shreyas Ramakrishna , Baiting Luo , Christopher Kuhn , Gabor Karsai , Abhishek Dubey

Scenario-based methods for the assessment of Automated Vehicles (AVs) are widely supported by many players in the automotive field. Scenarios captured from real-world data can be used to define the scenarios for the assessment and to…

The capability to follow a lead-vehicle and avoid rear-end collisions is one of the most important functionalities for human drivers and various Advanced Driver Assist Systems (ADAS). Existing safety performance justification of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Bowen Weng , Minghao Zhu , Keith Redmill

Autonomous driving has made significant progress in both academia and industry, including performance improvements in perception task and the development of end-to-end autonomous driving systems. However, the safety and robustness…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jingzheng Li , Xianglong Liu , Shikui Wei , Zhijun Chen , Bing Li , Qing Guo , Xianqi Yang , Yanjun Pu , Jiakai Wang

Real-world autonomous driving (AD) especially urban driving involves many corner cases. The lately released AD simulator CARLA v2 adds 39 common events in the driving scene, and provide more quasi-realistic testbed compared to CARLA v1. It…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Qifeng Li , Xiaosong Jia , Shaobo Wang , Junchi Yan

How many scenarios are sufficient to validate the safe Operational Design Domain (ODD) of an Automated Driving System (ADS) equipped vehicle? Is a more significant number of sampled scenarios guaranteeing a more accurate safety assessment…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Bowen Weng , Linda Capito , Umit Ozguner , Keith Redmill

Automated driving vehicles~(ADV) promise to enhance driving efficiency and safety, yet they face intricate challenges in safety-critical scenarios. As a result, validating ADV within generated safety-critical scenarios is essential for both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Kunkun Hao , Lu Liu , Wen Cui , Jianxing Zhang , Songyang Yan , Yuxi Pan , Zijiang Yang

Finding the most likely path to a set of failure states is important to the analysis of safety-critical systems that operate over a sequence of time steps, such as aircraft collision avoidance systems and autonomous cars. In many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Ritchie Lee , Ole J. Mengshoel , Anshu Saksena , Ryan Gardner , Daniel Genin , Joshua Silbermann , Michael Owen , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Automated vehicles (AVs) must be evaluated thoroughly before their release and deployment. A widely-used evaluation approach is the Naturalistic-Field Operational Test (N-FOT), which tests prototype vehicles directly on the public roads.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Ding Zhao , Henry Lam , Huei Peng , Shan Bao , David J. LeBlanc , Kazutoshi Nobukawa , Christopher S. Pan

Autonomous systems are becoming increasingly prevalent in new vehicles. Due to their environmental friendliness and their remarkable capability to significantly enhance road safety, these vehicles have gained widespread recognition and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Reem Alhabib , Poonam Yadav

Autonomous driving promises safer roads, reduced congestion, and improved mobility, yet validating these systems across diverse conditions remains a major challenge. Real-world testing is expensive, time-consuming, and sometimes unsafe,…