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While federated learning (FL) eliminates the transmission of raw data over a network, it is still vulnerable to privacy breaches from the communicated model parameters. Differential privacy (DP) is often employed to address such issues.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Evan Chen , Frank Po-Chen Lin , Dong-Jun Han , Christopher G. Brinton

Differential privacy (DP) is a formal privacy framework that enables training machine learning (ML) models while protecting individuals' data. As pointed out by prior work, ML models are part of larger systems, which can lead to so-called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Marlon Tobaben , Talal Alrawajfeh , Marcus Klasson , Mikko Heikkilä , Arno Solin , Antti Honkela

Broad adoption of machine learning techniques has increased privacy concerns for models trained on sensitive data such as medical records. Existing techniques for training differentially private (DP) models give rigorous privacy guarantees,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-04 Zhengli Zhao , Nicolas Papernot , Sameer Singh , Neoklis Polyzotis , Augustus Odena

Differential privacy provides a formal framework for releasing statistical estimators that limit how much any single observation can influence the output, by injecting calibrated random noise. We study differentially private estimation in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Joowon Lee , Guanhua Chen

Applications of Differential Privacy (DP) in NLP must distinguish between the syntactic level on which a proposed mechanism operates, often taking the form of $\textit{word-level}$ or $\textit{document-level}$ privatization. Recently,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Stephen Meisenbacher , Maulik Chevli , Florian Matthes

We train language models (LMs) with federated learning (FL) and differential privacy (DP) in the Google Keyboard (Gboard). We apply the DP-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader (DP-FTRL)~\citep{kairouz21b} algorithm to achieve meaningfully formal…

Differential privacy is a widely accepted measure of privacy in the context of deep learning algorithms, and achieving it relies on a noisy training approach known as differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD). DP-SGD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Ce Feng , Nuo Xu , Wujie Wen , Parv Venkitasubramaniam , Caiwen Ding

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by retrieving documents from an external corpus at inference time. When this corpus contains sensitive information, however, unprotected RAG systems are at risk of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Ruihan Wu , Erchi Wang , Zhiyuan Zhang , Yu-Xiang Wang

Differential privacy (DP) has become the de facto standard of privacy preservation due to its strong protection and sound mathematical foundation, which is widely adopted in different applications such as big data analysis, graph data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Honglu Jiang , Yifeng Gao , S M Sarwar , Luis GarzaPerez , Mahmudul Robin

We demonstrate that it is possible to train large recurrent language models with user-level differential privacy guarantees with only a negligible cost in predictive accuracy. Our work builds on recent advances in the training of deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-27 H. Brendan McMahan , Daniel Ramage , Kunal Talwar , Li Zhang

Pre-training large transformer models with in-domain data improves domain adaptation and helps gain performance on the domain-specific downstream tasks. However, sharing models pre-trained on potentially sensitive data is prone to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Ying Yin , Ivan Habernal

For machine learning with tabular data, Table Transformer (TabTransformer) is a state-of-the-art neural network model, while Differential Privacy (DP) is an essential component to ensure data privacy. In this paper, we explore the benefits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Xilong Wang , Chia-Mu Yu , Pin-Yu Chen

Large language models have repeatedly shown outstanding performance across diverse applications. However, deploying these models can inadvertently risk user privacy. The significant memory demands during training pose a major challenge in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yanming Liu , Xinyue Peng , Yuwei Zhang , Xiaolan Ke , Songhang Deng , Jiannan Cao , Chen Ma , Mengchen Fu , Tianyu Du , Sheng Cheng , Xun Wang , Jianwei Yin , Xuhong Zhang

We study (differentially) private federated learning (FL) of language models. The language models in cross-device FL are relatively small, which can be trained with meaningful formal user-level differential privacy (DP) guarantees when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Boxin Wang , Yibo Jacky Zhang , Yuan Cao , Bo Li , H. Brendan McMahan , Sewoong Oh , Zheng Xu , Manzil Zaheer

We study the problem of in-context learning (ICL) with large language models (LLMs) on private datasets. This scenario poses privacy risks, as LLMs may leak or regurgitate the private examples demonstrated in the prompt. We propose a novel…

The field of privacy-preserving Natural Language Processing has risen in popularity, particularly at a time when concerns about privacy grow with the proliferation of Large Language Models. One solution consistently appearing in recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Stephen Meisenbacher , Florian Matthes

Local differential privacy (LDP) has become a prominent notion for privacy-preserving data collection. While numerous LDP protocols and post-processing (PP) methods have been developed, selecting an optimal combination under different…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Berkay Kemal Balioglu , Alireza Khodaie , Mehmet Emre Gursoy

Differential Privacy (DP) provides a rigorous framework for releasing statistics while protecting individual information present in a dataset. Although substantial progress has been made on differentially private linear regression, existing…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-16 Getoar Sopa , Marco Avella Medina , Cynthia Rush

Differential Privacy (DP) is commonly employed to safeguard graph analysis or publishing. Distance, a critical factor in graph analysis, is typically handled using curator DP, where a trusted curator holds the complete neighbor lists of all…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Weihong Sheng , Jiajun Chen , Bin Cai , Chunqiang Hu , Meng Han , Jiguo Yu

Differentially private (DP) language model inference is an approach for generating private synthetic text. A sensitive input example is used to prompt an off-the-shelf large language model (LLM) to produce a similar example. Multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Kareem Amin , Salman Avestimehr , Sara Babakniya , Alex Bie , Weiwei Kong , Natalia Ponomareva , Umar Syed
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