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Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been extensively developed for graph representation learning in various application domains. However, similar to all other neural networks models, GNNs suffer from the black-box problem as people cannot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Peibo Li , Yixing Yang , Maurice Pagnucco , Yang Song

In recent years, deep learning has achieved unprecedented success in various computer vision tasks, particularly in object detection. However, the black-box nature and high complexity of deep neural networks pose significant challenges for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 FatemehSadat Seyedmomeni , Mohammad Ali Keyvanrad

Despite the astonishing performance of deep-learning based approaches for visual tasks such as semantic segmentation, they are known to produce miscalibrated predictions, which could be harmful for critical decision-making processes.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-25 Agostina J. Larrazabal , César Martínez , Jose Dolz , Enzo Ferrante

In recent years, the performance of action recognition has been significantly improved with the help of deep neural networks. Most of the existing action recognition works hold the \textit{closed-set} assumption that all action categories…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Yu Shu , Yemin Shi , Yaowei Wang , Yixiong Zou , Qingsheng Yuan , Yonghong Tian

Machine Learning algorithms are increasingly being used in recent years due to their flexibility in model fitting and increased predictive performance. However, the complexity of the models makes them hard for the data analyst to interpret…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-07 Joel Vaughan , Agus Sudjianto , Erind Brahimi , Jie Chen , Vijayan N. Nair

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have provided brilliant performance across various tasks. However, this success often comes at the cost of unnecessarily large model sizes, high computational demands, and substantial memory footprints.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Shaharyar Ahmed Khan Tareen , Filza Khan Tareen

Deep reinforcement learning has achieved remarkable performance in various domains by leveraging deep neural networks for approximating value functions and policies. However, using neural networks to approximate value functions or policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yiqin Tan , Ling Pan , Longbo Huang

Ongoing efforts to understand deep neural networks (DNN) have provided many insights, but DNNs remain incompletely understood. Improving DNN's interpretability has practical benefits, such as more accountable usage, better algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Erico Tjoa , Guan Cuntai

The use of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) schemes has increased dramatically since their first introduction in 2015. Though uses in many different applications are being found, they still have a problem with the lack of interpretability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Thomas Hickling , Abdelhafid Zenati , Nabil Aouf , Phillippa Spencer

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly being used as controllers in reactive systems. However, DNNs are highly opaque, which renders it difficult to explain and justify their actions. To mitigate this issue, there has been a surge of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Shahaf Bassan , Guy Amir , Davide Corsi , Idan Refaeli , Guy Katz

In recent years, deep learning has become prevalent to solve applications from multiple domains. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) particularly have demonstrated state of the art performance for the task of image classification. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Meghna P Ayyar , Jenny Benois-Pineau , Akka Zemmari

Explaining opaque Machine Learning (ML) models has become an increasingly important challenge. However, current eXplanation in AI (XAI) methods suffer several shortcomings, including insufficient abstraction, limited user interactivity, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Laura State , Salvatore Ruggieri , Franco Turini

Despite their great success in recent years, deep neural networks (DNN) are mainly black boxes where the results obtained by running through the network are difficult to understand and interpret. Compared to e.g. decision trees or bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Jan Niclas Reimann , Andreas Schwung

Deep learning (DL) algorithms are becoming ubiquitous in everyday life and in scientific research. However, the price we pay for their impressively accurate predictions is significant: their inner workings are notoriously opaque - it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Florian J. Boge , Annika Schuster

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems utilizing deep neural networks (DNNs) and machine learning (ML) algorithms are widely used for solving important problems in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and precision medicine. However,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-24 Md. Rezaul Karim , Tanhim Islam , Oya Beyan , Christoph Lange , Michael Cochez , Dietrich Rebholz-Schuhmann , Stefan Decker

Deep learning has demonstrated success in many applications; however, their use in healthcare has been limited due to the lack of transparency into how they generate predictions. Algorithms such as Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Long V. Ho , Melissa D. Aczon , David Ledbetter , Randall Wetzel

In current deep network architectures, deeper layers in networks tend to contain hundreds of independent neurons which makes it hard for humans to understand how they interact with each other. By organizing the neurons by correlation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Randy Tan , Naimul Khan , Ling Guan

Nowadays, deep neural networks are widely used in mission critical systems such as healthcare, self-driving vehicles, and military which have direct impact on human lives. However, the black-box nature of deep neural networks challenges its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Arun Das , Paul Rad

Deep neural networks (DNN) have achieved unprecedented performance in computer-vision tasks almost ubiquitously in business, technology, and science. While substantial efforts are made to engineer highly accurate architectures and provide…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-08 Sumedha Singla

The new era of image segmentation leveraging the power of Deep Neural Nets (DNNs) comes with a price tag: to train a neural network for pixel-wise segmentation, a large amount of training samples has to be manually labeled on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Clemens Seibold , Johannes Künzel , Anna Hilsmann , Peter Eisert