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The scaling law of Large Language Models (LLMs) reveals a power-law relationship, showing diminishing return on performance as model scale increases. While training LLMs from scratch is resource-intensive, fine-tuning a pre-trained model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yiyun Zhou , Chang Yao , Jingyuan Chen

Despite its huge number of variants, standard Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is still a dominant technique for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT). Nonetheless, it faces persistent challenges, including the pre-selection of an optimal rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Ivan Vulić , Adam Grycner , Quentin de Laroussilhe , Jonas Pfeiffer

Fine-tuning is a key approach for adapting language models to specific downstream tasks, but updating all model parameters becomes impractical as model sizes increase. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, such as Low-Rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Jiayang Yu , Yihang Zhang , Bin Wang , Peiqin Lin , Yongkang Liu , Shi Feng

The power of foundation models (FMs) lies in their capacity to learn highly expressive representations that can be adapted to a broad spectrum of tasks. However, these pretrained models require additional training stages to become effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jacob L. Block , Sundararajan Srinivasan , Liam Collins , Aryan Mokhtari , Sanjay Shakkottai

Transfer learning, by leveraging knowledge from pre-trained models, has significantly enhanced the performance of target tasks. However, as deep neural networks scale up, full fine-tuning introduces substantial computational and storage…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-01 Guanghua He , Wangang Cheng , Hancan Zhu , Xiaohao Cai , Gaohang Yu

Fine-tuning large diffusion models for custom applications demands substantial power and time, which poses significant challenges for efficient implementation on mobile devices. In this paper, we develop a novel training accelerator…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Jinming Lu , Minghao She , Wendong Mao , Zhongfeng Wang

To enhance the performance of large language models (LLM) on downstream tasks, one solution is to fine-tune certain LLM parameters and make it better align with the characteristics of the training dataset. This process is commonly known as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Chao Gao , Sai Qian Zhang

Continual learning requires the model to learn multiple tasks sequentially. In continual learning, the model should possess the ability to maintain its performance on old tasks (stability) and the ability to adapt to new tasks continuously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Yan-Shuo Liang , Wu-Jun Li

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, such as LoRA, significantly reduce the number of trainable parameters by introducing low-rank decomposition matrices. However, existing methods perform extensive matrix multiplications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Xujia Wang , Yunjia Qi , Bin Xu

To mitigate the memory constraints associated with fine-tuning large pre-trained models, existing parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as LoRA, rely on low-rank updates. However, such updates fail to fully capture the rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jingze Ge , Xue Geng , Yun Liu , Wanqi Dong , Wang Zhe Mark , Min Wu , Ngai-Man Cheung , Bharadwaj Veeravalli , Xulei Yang

While Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods like LoRA have effectively addressed GPU memory constraints during fine-tuning, their performance often falls short, especially in multidimensional task scenarios. To address this issue,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Tianwei Lin , Jiang Liu , Wenqiao Zhang , Zhaocheng Li , Yang Dai , Haoyuan Li , Zhelun Yu , Wanggui He , Juncheng Li , Hao Jiang , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as LoRA, enable scalable adaptation of foundation models by injecting low-rank adapters. However, their communication and storage costs remain a major bottleneck in resource-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Seyed Mahmoud Sajjadi Mohammadabadi , Xiaolong Ma , Lei Yang , Feng Yan , Junshan Zhang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP have shown remarkable performance in cross-modal tasks through large-scale contrastive pre-training. To adapt these large transformer-based models efficiently for downstream tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Sajjad Ghiasvand , Haniyeh Ehsani Oskouie , Mahnoosh Alizadeh , Ramtin Pedarsani

Recently, we have observed that Large Multi-modal Models (LMMs) are revolutionizing the way machines interact with the world, unlocking new possibilities across various multi-modal applications. To adapt LMMs for downstream tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Donghoon Kim , Gusang Lee , Kyuhong Shim , Byonghyo Shim

Large-scale foundation models have demonstrated remarkable versatility across a wide range of downstream tasks. However, fully fine-tuning these models incurs prohibitive computational costs, motivating the development of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Chongjie Si , Xuankun Yang , Muqing Liu , Yadao Wang , Xiaokang Yang , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng , Wei Shen

Compared to Full-Model Fine-Tuning (FMFT), Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has demonstrated superior performance and lower computational overhead in several code understanding tasks, such as code summarization and code search. This…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Shuo Liu , Jacky Keung , Zhen Yang , Fang Liu , Qilin Zhou , Yihan Liao

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a widely adopted parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) technique for foundation models. Recent work has highlighted an inherent asymmetry in the initialization of LoRA's low-rank factors, which has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-18 Anastasis Kratsios , Tin Sum Cheng , Aurelien Lucchi , Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde

Fine-tuning is an important step in adapting foundation models such as large language models to downstream tasks. To make this step more accessible to users with limited computational budgets, it is crucial to develop fine-tuning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Cen-Jhih Li , Aditya Bhaskara

Federated fine-tuning (FedFT) has been proposed to fine-tune the pre-trained language models in a distributed manner. However, there are two critical challenges for efficient FedFT in practical applications, i.e., resource constraints and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jun Liu , Yunming Liao , Hongli Xu , Yang Xu , Jianchun Liu , Chen Qian

Fine-tuning large vision models (LVMs) and large language models (LLMs) under differentially private federated learning (DPFL) is hindered by a fundamental privacy-utility trade-off. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jin Liu , Yinbin Miao , Ning Xi , Junkang Liu