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Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) made of soft constituents have emerged as promising material-structure systems in potential applications across many engineering disciplines, such as soft robots, actuators, energy harvesting, and tissue…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Shiguang Deng , Horacio D. Espinosa , Wei Chen

Artificially designed composite materials consist of microstructures, that exhibit various thermal properties depending on their shapes, such as anisotropic thermal conductivity. One of the representative applications of such composite…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Makoto Nakagawa , Yuki Noguchi , Kei Matsushima , Takayuki Yamada

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) exhibit continuous property variations that enable unique functionalities and provide efficient platforms for systematic property optimization. Here, we report the fabrication of FGMs with graded…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-11 Sang J. Park , Ravi Gautam , Takashi Yagi , Rajkumar Modak , Hossein Sepehri-Amin , Ken-ichi Uchida

In this work, we present an efficiently computational approach for designing material micro-structures by means of topology optimization. The central idea relies on using the isogeometric analysis integrated with the parameterized level set…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Chuong Nguyen , Xiaoying Zhuang , Ludovic Chamoin , Hung Nguyen-Xuan , Xianzhong Zhao , Timon Rabczuk

Topology optimization is used to systematically design contact-aided thermo-mechanical regulators, i.e. components whose effective thermal conductivity is tunable by mechanical deformation and contact. The thermo-mechanical interactions are…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Anna Dalklint , Joe Alexandersen , Andreas Henrik Frederiksen , Konstantinos Poulios , Ole Sigmund

The density-based bi-objective topology optimization (TO) has been widely adopted in liquid cooling plate design, where the design domain is treated as porous media with porosity as the design variable. However, conventional TO method…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Zixu Han , Kairan Yang , Peng Zhang

Thermoelectric metamaterials featuring width modulation through constrictions (constricted geometries) have emerged as a promising approach for improving heat management and thermoelectric performance. Through a combination of theoretical…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Xanthippi Zianni

In this paper, equilibrium and stability equations of functionally graded material (FGM) plate under thermal environment are formulated based on isogeometric analysis (IGA) in combination with higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT).…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2015-11-05 Loc V. Tran , Phuc Phung-Van , Jaehong Lee , H. Nguyen-Xuan , M. Abdel Wahab

A topology optimization method is presented for the design of periodic microstructured materials with prescribed homogenized nonlinear constitutive properties over finite strain ranges. The mechanical model assumes linear elastic isotropic…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Reza Behrou , Maroun Abi Ghanem , Brianna C. Macnider , Vimarsh Verma , Ryan Alvey , Jinho Hong , Ashley F. Emery , Hyunsun Alicia Kim , Nicholas Boechler

With the increasing power density of electronics components, the heat dissipation capacity of heat sinks gradually becomes a bottleneck. Many structural optimization methods, including topology optimization, have been widely used for heat…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-10-07 Tao Zeng , Hu Wang , Mengzhu Yang , Joe Alexandersen

Thermoelectric (TE) generators can directly convert heat into electricity, but their performance is often constrained by limited temperature gradients. Here it is shown that width-modulated metamaterials with constrictions and expansions…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 Xanthippi Zianni

Micro-structured materials consisting of an array of microstructures are engineered to provide the specific material properties. This present work investigates the design of cellular materials under the framework of level set, so as to…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Jie Gao , Hao Li , Zhen Luo , Liang Gao , Peigen Li

Additive manufacturing methods together with topology optimization have enabled the creation of multiscale structures with controlled spatially-varying material microstructure. However, topology optimization or inverse design of such…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-08-28 Harikrishnan Vijayakumaran , Jonathan B. Russ , Glaucio H. Paulino , Miguel A. Bessa

Data-driven methods have gained increasing attention in computational mechanics and design. This study investigates a two-scale data-driven design for thermal metamaterials with various functionalities. To address the complexity of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Daicong Da , Wei Chen

This paper explores the use of optimization to design multifunctional metamaterials, and proposes a methodology for constructing a design envelope of potential properties. A thermal-mechanical metamaterial, proposed by Ai and Gao (2017), is…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Ewan Fong , Sadik L. Omairey , Peter D. Dunning

With the emergence of new photonic and plasmonic materials with optimized properties as well as advanced nanofabrication techniques, nanophotonic devices are now capable of providing solutions to global challenges in energy conversion,…

Inverse design of high-resolution and fine-detailed 3D lightweight mechanical structures is notoriously expensive due to the need for vast computational resources and the use of very fine-scaled complex meshes. Furthermore, in designing for…

Thermal behavior has become a first-order constraint in advanced 2.5D/3D integrated circuits (ICs) and heterogeneous packages. As power densities rise and multiple active dies are vertically integrated, heat removal paths become…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Baibhari Priya Barua , Md Rahatul Islam Udoy , Ahmedullah Aziz

We design a class of spatially inhomogeneous heat spreaders in the context of steady-state thermal conduction leading to spatially uniform thermal fields across a large convective surface. Each spreader has a funnel-shaped design, either in…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-02-25 Eleanor R. Russell , Raphaël C. Assier , William J. Parnell

Multiscale topology optimization is crucial for designing porous infill structures with high stiffness-to-weight ratios and excellent energy absorption. Although gradient-based methods provide a rigorous framework, they are computationally…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Shuzhi Xu , Yifan Guo , Hiroki Kawabe , Kentaro Yaji
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