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In this work, long-term spatiotemporal changes in rainfall are analysed and evaluated using whole-year data from Rajasthan, India, at the meteorological divisional level. In order to determine how the rainfall pattern has changed over the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-11-17 Priti Kaushik , Randhir Singh Baghel

Short-term (0-24 hours) precipitation forecasting is highly valuable to socioeconomic activities and public safety. However, the highly complex evolution patterns of precipitation events, the extreme imbalance between precipitation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shuangliang Li , Siwei Li , Li Li , Weijie Zou , Jie Yang , Maolin Zhang

Accurate short range weather forecasting has significant implications for various sectors. Machine learning based approaches, e.g., deep learning, have gained popularity in this domain where the existing numerical weather prediction (NWP)…

Two new indicators of rainfall seasonality based on information entropy, the relative entropy (RE) and the dimensionless seasonality index (DSI), together with the mean annual rainfall, are evaluated on a global scale for recently updated…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2014-09-02 Salvatore Pascale , Valerio Lucarini , Xue Feng , Amilcare Porporato , Shabeh ul Hasson

Precipitation exceedance probabilities are widely used in engineering design, risk assessment, and floodplain management. While common approaches like NOAA Atlas 14 assume that extreme precipitation characteristics are stationary over time,…

Applications · Statistics 2025-02-05 Yuchen Lu , Ben Seiyon Lee , James Doss-Gollin

Laboratory experiments and theoretical modelling are conducted to determine the raindrop size distribution (DSD) resulting from distinct fragmentation processes under various upward airstreams. Since weather radar echoes are proportional to…

Video monitoring of traffic is useful for traffic management and control, traffic counting, and traffic law enforcement. However, traffic monitoring during inclement weather such as rain is a challenging task because video quality is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Shuya Zong , Sikai Chen , Samuel Labi

Improving the accuracy of soil moisture estimation is required for advancing irrigation scheduling and water conservation efforts. Central to this task are soil hydraulic parameters, which govern moisture dynamics but are rarely known…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-06 Bernard T. Agyeman , Erfan Orouskhani , Mohamed Naouri , Willemijn Appels , Maik Wolleben , Jinfeng Liu , Sirish L. Shah

The safety of autonomous driving systems (ADS) depends on accurate perception across distance and driving conditions. The outputs of AI perception algorithms are stochastic, which have a major impact on decision making and safety outcomes,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Boyu Jiang , Liang Shi , Zhengzhi Lin , Lanxin Xiang , Loren Stowe , Feng Guo

Current global precipitation estimates from spaceborne precipitation radars are limited by their sensitivity to light and frozen precipitation, leading to systematic underestimation of precipitation at high latitudes. Because passive…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Simon Pfreundschuh , Christian D. Kummerow

A minimalist stochastic model of primary soil salinity is proposed, in which the rate of soil salinization is determined by the balance between dry and wet salt deposition and the intermittent leaching events caused by rainfall events. The…

Geophysics · Physics 2012-07-11 S. Suweis , A. Rinaldo , S. E. A. T. M. Van der Zee , E. Daly , A. Maritan , A. Porporato

Precipitation prediction plays a crucial role in modern agriculture and industry. However, it poses significant challenges due to the diverse patterns and dynamics in time and space, as well as the scarcity of high precipitation events. To…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-01-19 Xinzhe Li , Sun Rui , Yiming Niu , Yao Liu

We seek statistical methods to study the occurrence of multiple rain types observed by satellite on a global scale. The main scientific interests are to relate rainfall occurrence with various atmospheric state variables and to study the…

Applications · Statistics 2018-01-03 Mikyoung Jun , Courtney Schumacher , R. Saravanan

We show that the Gamma distribution is not an adequate fit for the probability density function of drop diameters using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit test. We propose a different parametrization of drop size distributions, which…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2012-09-18 Massimiliano Ignaccolo , Carlo De Michele

Simulation of rainfall over a region for long time-sequences can be very useful for planning and policy-making, especially in India where the economy is heavily reliant on monsoon rainfall. However, such simulations should be able to…

Applications · Statistics 2017-09-04 Adway Mitra

Precipitation is a large-scale, spatio-temporally heterogeneous phenomenon, with frequent anomalies exhibiting unusually high or low values. We use Markov Random Fields (MRFs) to detect spatio-temporally coherent anomalies in gridded annual…

Applications · Statistics 2017-11-01 Adway Mitra , Ashwin K. Seshadri

Accurate precipitation forecasting is a vital challenge of societal importance. Though data-driven approaches have emerged as a widely used solution, solely relying on data-driven approaches has limitations in modeling the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Yujin Tang , Jiaming Zhou , Xiang Pan , Zeying Gong , Junwei Liang

Rainfall prediction helps planners anticipate potential social and economic impacts produced by too much or too little rain. This research investigates a class-based approach to rainfall prediction from 1-30 days in advance. The study made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Eslam A. Hussein , Mehrdad Ghaziasgar , Christopher Thron

Global Positioning System (GPS) derived precipitable water vapor (PWV) is extensively being used in atmospheric remote sensing for applications like rainfall prediction. Many applications require PWV values with good resolution and without…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-03-18 Shilpa Manandhar , Soumyabrata Dev , Yee Hui Lee , Stefan Winkler

Remote sensing of rainfall events is critical for both operational and scientific needs, including for example weather forecasting, extreme flood mitigation, water cycle monitoring, etc. Ground-based weather radars, such as NOAA's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Aurélien Colin , Pierre Tandeo , Charles Peureux , Romain Husson , Nicolas Longépé , Ronan Fablet