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Positive Unlabeled (PU) learning aims to learn a binary classifier from only positive and unlabeled data, which is utilized in many real-world scenarios. However, existing PU learning algorithms cannot deal with the real-world challenge in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Zhongnian Li , Liutao Yang , Zhongchen Ma , Tongfeng Sun , Xinzheng Xu , Daoqiang Zhang

Sample selection is a prevalent approach in learning with noisy labels, aiming to identify confident samples for training. Although existing sample selection methods have achieved decent results by reducing the noise rate of the selected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Suqin Yuan , Lei Feng , Bo Han , Tongliang Liu

Positive-unlabeled learning (PU learning) is known as a special case of semi-supervised binary classification where only a fraction of positive examples are labeled. The challenge is then to find the correct classifier despite this lack of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Olivier Coudray , Christine Keribin , Pascal Massart , Patrick Pamphile

Learning binary classifiers only from positive and unlabeled (PU) data is an important and challenging task in many real-world applications, including web text classification, disease gene identification and fraud detection, where negative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Hui Chen , Fangqing Liu , Yin Wang , Liyue Zhao , Hao Wu

Due to the difficulty of collecting exhaustive multi-label annotations, multi-label datasets often contain partial labels. We consider an extreme of this weakly supervised learning problem, called single positive multi-label learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Donghao Zhou , Pengfei Chen , Qiong Wang , Guangyong Chen , Pheng-Ann Heng

We consider the linear regression problem under semi-supervised settings wherein the available data typically consists of: (i) a small or moderate sized 'labeled' data, and (ii) a much larger sized 'unlabeled' data. Such data arises…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-02 Abhishek Chakrabortty , Tianxi Cai

A weakly-supervised learning framework named as complementary-label learning has been proposed recently, where each sample is equipped with a single complementary label that denotes one of the classes the sample does not belong to. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-24 Yuzhou Cao , Shuqi Liu , Yitian Xu

It remains difficult to evaluate machine learning classifiers in the absence of a large, labeled dataset. While labeled data can be prohibitively expensive or impossible to obtain, unlabeled data is plentiful. Here, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Divya Shanmugam , Shuvom Sadhuka , Manish Raghavan , John Guttag , Bonnie Berger , Emma Pierson

Semi-supervised learning is attracting blooming attention, due to its success in combining unlabeled data. To mitigate potentially incorrect pseudo labels, recent frameworks mostly set a fixed confidence threshold to discard uncertain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Lihe Yang , Zhen Zhao , Lei Qi , Yu Qiao , Yinghuan Shi , Hengshuang Zhao

Semi-supervised entity alignment (EA) is a practical and challenging task because of the lack of adequate labeled mappings as training data. Most works address this problem by generating pseudo mappings for unlabeled entities. However, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Feng Xie , Xin Song , Xiang Zeng , Xuechen Zhao , Lei Tian , Bin Zhou , Yusong Tan

Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) models often rely on spurious correlations between features and labels during the learning process, leading to shortcut learning behavior that undermines robustness generalization performance. Current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Lili Zhao , Qi Liu , Wei Chen , Liyi Chen , Ruijun Sun , Min Hou , Yang Wang , Shijin Wang

Self-learning is a classical approach for learning with both labeled and unlabeled observations which consists in giving pseudo-labels to unlabeled training instances with a confidence score over a predetermined threshold. At the same time,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Vasilii Feofanov , Emilie Devijver , Massih-Reza Amini

In few-shot learning, a machine learning system learns from a small set of labelled examples relating to a specific task, such that it can generalize to new examples of the same task. Given the limited availability of labelled examples in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Antreas Antoniou , Amos Storkey

Multi-label learning (MLL) learns from the examples each associated with multiple labels simultaneously, where the high cost of annotating all relevant labels for each training example is challenging for real-world applications. To cope…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Ning Xu , Congyu Qiao , Jiaqi Lv , Xin Geng , Min-Ling Zhang

Self-training methods have proven to be effective in exploiting abundant unlabeled data in semi-supervised learning, particularly when labeled data is scarce. While many of these approaches rely on a cross-entropy loss function (CE), recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Aurelien Gauffre , Julien Horvat , Massih-Reza Amini

Risk-based active learning is an approach to developing statistical classifiers for online decision-support. In this approach, data-label querying is guided according to the expected value of perfect information for incipient data points.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Aidan J. Hughes , Lawrence A. Bull , Paul Gardner , Nikolaos Dervilis , Keith Worden

Self-training is a simple yet effective method within semi-supervised learning. The idea is to iteratively enhance training data by adding pseudo-labeled data. Its generalization performance heavily depends on the selection of these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-03 Julian Rodemann , Christoph Jansen , Georg Schollmeyer , Thomas Augustin

Machine Learning models thrive on vast datasets, continuously adapting to provide accurate predictions and recommendations. However, in an era dominated by privacy concerns, Machine Unlearning emerges as a transformative approach, enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Robert Dilworth

Multi-label learning often requires identifying all relevant labels for training instances, but collecting full label annotations is costly and labor-intensive. In many datasets, only a single positive label is annotated per training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Misgina Tsighe Hagos , Claes Lundström

Semi-supervised learning is attracting blooming attention, due to its success in combining unlabeled data. However, pseudo-labeling-based semi-supervised approaches suffer from two problems in image classification: (1) Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Xuerong Zhang , Li Huang , Jing Lv , Ming Yang