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Text embeddings are a fundamental component in many NLP tasks, including classification, regression, clustering, and semantic search. However, despite their ubiquitous application, challenges persist in interpreting embeddings and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Juri Opitz , Lucas Möller , Andrianos Michail , Sebastian Padó , Simon Clematide

Embedding words in a vector space has gained a lot of attention in recent years. While state-of-the-art methods provide efficient computation of word similarities via a low-dimensional matrix embedding, their motivation is often left…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-29 Shihao Ji , Hyokun Yun , Pinar Yanardag , Shin Matsushima , S. V. N. Vishwanathan

In expressive speech synthesis it is widely adopted to use latent prosody representations to deal with variability of the data during training. Same text may correspond to various acoustic realizations, which is known as a one-to-many…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-13 Mikolaj Babianski , Kamil Pokora , Raahil Shah , Rafal Sienkiewicz , Daniel Korzekwa , Viacheslav Klimkov

Text embeddings are widely used to analyse large corpora of complex texts. However, it is unclear whether the embeddings capture the same semantic distances as the human experts using them. Ensuring alignment between embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jonathan Rystrøm , Sofie Burgos-Thorsen , Zihao Fu , Johan Irving Søltoft , Kenneth C. Enevoldsen , Chris Russell

We examine the abilities of intrinsic bias metrics of static word embeddings to predict whether Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems exhibit biased behavior. A word embedding is one of the fundamental NLP technologies that represents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Taisei Katô , Yusuke Miyao

Word embeddings are a powerful approach for analyzing language and have been widely popular in numerous tasks in information retrieval and text mining. Training embeddings over huge corpora is computationally expensive because the input is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Avishek Anand , Megha Khosla , Jaspreet Singh , Jan-Hendrik Zab , Zijian Zhang

We demonstrate the utility of a new methodological tool, neural-network word embedding models, for large-scale text analysis, revealing how these models produce richer insights into cultural associations and categories than possible with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Austin C. Kozlowski , Matt Taddy , James A. Evans

Word embeddings can reflect the semantic representations, and the embedding qualities can be comprehensively evaluated with human natural reading-related cognitive data sources. In this paper, we proposed the CogniFNN framework, which is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Xinping Liu , Zehong Cao , Son Tran

Cross-lingual or cross-domain correspondences play key roles in tasks ranging from machine translation to transfer learning. Recently, purely unsupervised methods operating on monolingual embeddings have become effective alignment tools.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-05 David Alvarez-Melis , Tommi S. Jaakkola

The efficacy of self-supervised speech models has been validated, yet the optimal utilization of their representations remains challenging across diverse tasks. In this study, we delve into Acoustic Word Embeddings (AWEs), a fixed-length…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Alexandra Saliba , Yuanchao Li , Ramon Sanabria , Catherine Lai

Search behaviour is characterised using synonymy and polysemy as users often want to search information based on meaning. Semantic representation strategies represent a move towards richer associative connections that can adequately capture…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Niall McCarroll , Kevin Curran , Eugene McNamee , Angela Clist , Andrew Brammer

This paper simulates a low-resource setting across 17 languages in order to evaluate embedding similarity, stability, and reliability under different conditions. The goal is to use corpus similarity measures before training to predict…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Jonathan Dunn , Haipeng Li , Damian Sastre

This paper is motivated by the automation of neuropsychological tests involving discourse analysis in the retellings of narratives by patients with potential cognitive impairment. In this scenario the task of sentence boundary detection in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-17 Marcos V. Treviso , Christopher D. Shulby , Sandra M. Aluisio

We introduce the cross-match test - an exact, distribution free, high-dimensional hypothesis test as an intrinsic evaluation metric for word embeddings. We show that cross-match is an effective means of measuring distributional similarity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-05 Nishant Gurnani

In this paper, we investigate the output token probability information in the output embedding of language models. We find an approximate common log-linear encoding of output token probabilities within the output embedding vectors and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Hakaze Cho , Yoshihiro Sakai , Kenshiro Tanaka , Mariko Kato , Naoya Inoue

In data dominated systems and applications, a concept of representing words in a numerical format has gained a lot of attention. There are a few approaches used to generate such a representation. An interesting issue that should be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Shahin Atakishiyev , Marek Z. Reformat

Pitch accent detection often makes use of both acoustic and lexical features based on the fact that pitch accents tend to correlate with certain words. In this paper, we extend a pitch accent detector that involves a convolutional neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Sabrina Stehwien , Ngoc Thang Vu , Antje Schweitzer

A review of Word Embedding Models through a deconstructive approach reveals their several shortcomings and inconsistencies. These include instability of the vector representations, a distorted analogical reasoning, geometric incompatibility…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Koushik Varma Kalidindi

Text clustering is an important method for organising the increasing volume of digital content, aiding in the structuring and discovery of hidden patterns in uncategorised data. The effectiveness of text clustering largely depends on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Alina Petukhova , João P. Matos-Carvalho , Nuno Fachada

We propose an unsupervised method to obtain cross-lingual embeddings without any parallel data or pre-trained word embeddings. The proposed model, which we call multilingual neural language models, takes sentences of multiple languages as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Takashi Wada , Tomoharu Iwata