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Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) have emerged as a promising candidate for optical wireless communication (OWC) owing to their ultra-high sensitivity and singlephoton detection capability. However, under strong background radiation or…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-28 Chen Wang , Zhiyong Xu , Jingyuan Wang , Jianhua Li , Weifeng Mou , Huatao Zhu

We present a novel approach to implement compressive sensing in laser scanning microscopes (LSM), specifically in image scanning microscopy (ISM), using a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array detector. Our method addresses two…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-20 Ajay Gunalan , Marco Castello , Simonluca Piazza , Shunlei Li , Alberto Diaspro , Leonardo S. Mattos , Paolo Bianchini

UAVs have become an essential photogrammetric measurement as they are affordable, easily accessible and versatile. Aerial images captured from UAVs have applications in small and large scale texture mapping, 3D modelling, object detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Logambal Madhuanand , Francesco Nex , Michael Ying Yang

Real time, high resolution 3D reconstruction of scenes hidden from the direct field of view is a challenging field of research with applications in real-life situations related e.g. to surveillance, self-driving cars and rescue missions.…

Optics · Physics 2019-07-24 G. Musarra , A. Lyons , E. Conca , Y. Altmann , F. Villa , F. Zappa , M. J. Padgett , D. Faccio

Ensuring the safety of autonomous robots, such as self-driving vehicles, requires extensive testing across diverse driving scenarios. Simulation is a key ingredient for conducting such testing in a cost-effective and scalable way. Neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Georg Hess , Carl Lindström , Maryam Fatemi , Christoffer Petersson , Lennart Svensson

For active optical imaging, the use of single-photon detectors can greatly improve the detection sensitivity of the system. However, the traditional maximum-likelihood based imaging method needs a long acquisition time to capture clear…

Robust environment perception for autonomous vehicles is a tremendous challenge, which makes a diverse sensor set with e.g. camera, lidar and radar crucial. In the process of understanding the recorded sensor data, 3D semantic segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Hannah Schieber , Fabian Duerr , Torsten Schoen , Jürgen Beyerer

A single-photon avalanche detector (SPAD) for high-speed quantum-key generation has successfully been developed. It has the highest photon detection repetition frequency and the lowest dark count rate in the world, as a board-mountable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-12-28 Seigo Takahashi , Akio Tajima , Akihisa Tomita

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for fast, online 3D reconstruction of dynamic scenes using times of arrival of photons recorded by single-photon detector arrays. One of the main challenges in 3D imaging using single-photon lidar…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-03 Quentin Legros , Julian Tachella , Rachael Tobin , Aongus McCarthy , Sylvain Meignen , Gerald S. Buller , Yoann Altmann , Stephen McLaughlin , Michael E. Davies

This work presents stochastic approaches to model the counting behavior of actively quenched single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) subjected to continuous-wave constant illumination. We present both analytical expressions and simulation…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-08-27 Ivo Straka , Jan Grygar , Josef Hloušek , Miroslav Ježek

With the evolving technology in CMOS integration, new classes of 2D-imaging detectors have recently become available. In particular, single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays allow detection of single photons at high acquisition rates…

3D point clouds play a pivotal role in outdoor scene perception, especially in the context of autonomous driving. Recent advancements in 3D LiDAR segmentation often focus intensely on the spatial positioning and distribution of points for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Li Li , Hubert P. H. Shum , Toby P. Breckon

With the widespread application of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology in fields such as autonomous driving, robot navigation, and terrain mapping, the importance of edge detection in LiDAR images has become increasingly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Haowei Yang , Liyang Wang , Jingyu Zhang , Yu Cheng , Ao Xiang

Camera and 3D LiDAR sensors have become indispensable devices in modern autonomous driving vehicles, where the camera provides the fine-grained texture, color information in 2D space and LiDAR captures more precise and farther-away distance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Lin Zhao , Hui Zhou , Xinge Zhu , Xiao Song , Hongsheng Li , Wenbing Tao

Depth perception is crucial for spatial understanding and has traditionally been achieved through stereoscopic imaging. However, the precision of depth estimation using stereoscopic methods depends on the accurate calibration of binocular…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Muhamamd Ishfaq Hussain , Zubia Naz , Muhammad Aasim Rafique , Moongu Jeon

Nighttime environments pose significant challenges for camera-based perception, as existing methods passively rely on the scene lighting. We introduce Lighting-driven Dynamic Active Sensing (LiDAS), a closed-loop active illumination system…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Simon de Moreau , Andrei Bursuc , Hafid El-Idrissi , Fabien Moutarde

3D scene reconstruction from a single measurement is challenging, especially in the presence of occluded regions and specular materials, such as mirrors. We address these challenges by leveraging single-photon lidars. These lidars estimate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Tzofi Klinghoffer , Siddharth Somasundaram , Xiaoyu Xiang , Yuchen Fan , Christian Richardt , Akshat Dave , Ramesh Raskar , Rakesh Ranjan

Robust autonomous navigation in environments with limited visibility remains a critical challenge in robotics. We present a novel approach that leverages Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) sensing using single-photon LiDAR to improve visibility and…

We propose a new approach called LiDAR-Flow to robustly estimate a dense scene flow by fusing a sparse LiDAR with stereo images. We take the advantage of the high accuracy of LiDAR to resolve the lack of information in some regions of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-16 Ramy Battrawy , René Schuster , Oliver Wasenmüller , Qing Rao , Didier Stricker

In order to build a new concept of photomultiplier based on silicon technology, design and characterization of 5x5 arrays of a new generation of single photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) manufactured by ST-Microelectronics have been performed.…