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Can emergent language models faithfully model the intelligence of decision-making agents? Though modern language models exhibit already some reasoning ability, and theoretically can potentially express any probable distribution over tokens,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Wenhao Lu , Xufeng Zhao , Josua Spisak , Jae Hee Lee , Stefan Wermter

The reasoning capabilities of LLM (Large Language Model) are widely acknowledged in recent research, inspiring studies on tool learning and autonomous agents. LLM serves as the "brain" of the agent, orchestrating multiple tools for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Xiangyan Liu , Rongxue Li , Wei Ji , Tao Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable planning abilities across various domains, including robotics manipulation and navigation. While recent efforts in robotics have leveraged LLMs both for high-level and low-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Harsh Singh , Rocktim Jyoti Das , Mingfei Han , Preslav Nakov , Ivan Laptev

Recent advancements in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated tremendous potential in diverse task scenarios. Nonetheless, existing agentic systems typically rely on predefined agent-role design…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zhipeng Hou , Junyi Tang , Yipeng Wang

Training large language models (LLMs) as autonomous agents often begins with imitation learning, but it only teaches agents what to do without understanding why: agents never contrast successful actions against suboptimal alternatives and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Weize Liu , Minghui Liu , Sy-Tuyen Ho , Souradip Chakraborty , Xiyao Wang , Furong Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) consistently benefit from scaled Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, but also suffer from heavy computational overhead. To address this issue, efficient reasoning aims to incentivize short yet accurate thinking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Taiqiang Wu , Zenan Xu , Bo Zhou , Ngai Wong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, enabling language agents to excel at single-turn tasks. However, their application to complex, multi-step, and long-horizon tasks remains challenging. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jiazheng Li , Yawei Wang , David Yan , Yijun Tian , Zhichao Xu , Huan Song , Panpan Xu , Lin Lee Cheong

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown impressive performance on tasks involving reasoning, leading to a lively debate on whether these models possess reasoning capabilities similar to humans. However, despite these successes, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Philipp Mondorf , Barbara Plank

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit strong linguistic abilities while remaining unreliable on multi-step reasoning tasks, particularly when deployed without additional training or fine-tuning. In this work, we study inference-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Vinay Sharma , Manish Jain

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance in complex reasoning tasks through the use of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, allowing models to break down problems into manageable sub-tasks. However, existing CoT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jean-Francois Ton , Muhammad Faaiz Taufiq , Yang Liu

The reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) have been substantially improved by reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). At test time, collaborative reasoning through Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) has emerged as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chenxi Liu , Yanshuo Chen , Ruibo Chen , Tianyi Xiong , Tong Zheng , Heng Huang

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to incorporate external knowledge at inference time. However, when retrieved contexts are noisy, incomplete, or heterogeneous, a single generation process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xingchen Xiao , Heyan Huang , Runheng Liu , Jincheng Xie

Logical reasoning is a critical benchmark for evaluating the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), as it reflects their ability to derive valid conclusions from given premises. While the combination of test-time scaling with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Ramya Keerthy Thatikonda , Wray Buntine , Ehsan Shareghi

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited extraordinary performance in a variety of tasks while it remains challenging for them to solve complex multi-step tasks as agents. In practice, agents sensitive to the outcome of certain key steps…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zilong Wang , Jingfeng Yang , Sreyashi Nag , Samarth Varshney , Xianfeng Tang , Haoming Jiang , Jingbo Shang , Sheikh Muhammad Sarwar

The rapid development of the Large Language Model (LLM) presents huge opportunities for 6G communications, e.g., network optimization and management by allowing users to input task requirements to LLMs by nature language. However, directly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Feibo Jiang , Li Dong , Yubo Peng , Kezhi Wang , Kun Yang , Cunhua Pan , Dusit Niyato , Octavia A. Dobre

Multi-agent systems (MAS) built on large language models (LLMs) offer a promising path toward solving complex, real-world tasks that single-agent systems often struggle to manage. While recent advancements in test-time scaling (TTS) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Can Jin , Hongwu Peng , Qixin Zhang , Yujin Tang , Dimitris N. Metaxas , Tong Che

Large Language Model (LLM) based agents have proved their ability to perform complex tasks like humans. However, there is still a large gap between open-sourced LLMs and commercial models like the GPT series. In this paper, we focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Dayuan Fu , Keqing He , Yejie Wang , Wentao Hong , Zhuoma Gongque , Weihao Zeng , Wei Wang , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Weiran Xu

We introduce Agentic Reasoning, a framework that enhances large language model (LLM) reasoning by integrating external tool-using agents. Agentic Reasoning dynamically leverages web search, code execution, and structured memory to address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Junde Wu , Jiayuan Zhu , Yuyuan Liu , Min Xu , Yueming Jin

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly focused on "reasoning" ability, a concept with many overlapping definitions in the LLM discourse. We take a more structured approach, distinguishing meta-level reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Nick Ferguson , Alan Bundy , Kwabena Nuamah

The rise of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) signifies a paradigm shift toward advanced computational reasoning. Yet, this progress disrupts traditional agent frameworks, traditionally anchored by execution-oriented Large Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xueyang Zhou , Guiyao Tie , Guowen Zhang , Weidong Wang , Zhigang Zuo , Di Wu , Duanfeng Chu , Pan Zhou , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Lichao Sun
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