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The symmetries of the gravitational scattering are intimately tied to the symmetries which preserve asymptotic flatness at null infinity. In Penrose's definition of asymptotic flatness, a central role is played by the notion of asymptotic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-13 Marc Geiller , Alok Laddha , Céline Zwikel

Nonlinear gravitational wave memory is a surprise of theoretical physics. Whereas it is understood that a gravitational wave induces oscillatory squeezing and stretching motion in a collection of freely-falling test masses, it is unexpected…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-27 Robert R. Caldwell

Gravitational waves (GWs) produce small distortions in the observable distribution of stars in the sky. We describe the characteristic pattern of astrometric deflections created by a specific gravitational waveform called a burst with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-27 Dustin R. Madison

Gravitational memory effect has emerged as a new window and opened up several intriguing avenues in the field of gravitational wave astronomy together with its inter-connection to asymptotic symmetries (AS). The recent developments in this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-22 Shailesh Kumar

This article demonstrates that additionally to the well-known velocity memory effect, a vacuum gravitational plane wave can also induce a displacement memory on a couple of test particles. A complete classification of the conditions under…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-25 Jibril Ben Achour , Jean-Philippe Uzan

The symmetries of asymptotically flat spacetimes impose constraints on observables at infinity. The consequences of this have been extensively explored for S-matrix elements, where soft theorems are known to be equivalent to Ward identities…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-03 Ian Moult , Sruthi A. Narayanan , Sabrina Pasterski

Gravitational waves encode invaluable information about the nature of the relatively unexplored extreme gravity regime, where the gravitational interaction is strong, non-linear and highly dynamical. Recent gravitational wave observations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-10-25 Katie Chamberlain , Nicolas Yunes

The memory effect for Robinson-Trautman waves is explicitly worked out. In a first step, we construct the combined frame rotation and coordinate transformation in which Robinson-Trautman waves are manifestly locally asymptotically flat at…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-21 Glenn Barnich , Ali Seraj

We discuss in some detail the interaction of classical particles, including the scattering and memory effect, with a pulse of gravitational plane wave. The key point is the conformal symmetry of gravitational plane waves. In particular, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-26 K. Andrzejewski , S. Prencel

The soft photon and soft graviton theorems of Weinberg are known to derive from conservation laws associated with asymptotic symmetries. Within the corresponding classical theories, one often speaks of spontaneous symmetry breaking and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-10 Shreyansh Agrawal , Kevin Nguyen

We study the impact of gravitational wave memory on the distribution of far away light sources in the sky. For the first time we compute the built up of small, but permanent tensor distortions of the metric over cosmological time-scales…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-05 Tore Boybeyi , Vuk Mandic , Alexandros Papageorgiou

We examine a simple example of gravitational wave memory due to the decay of a point particle into two point particles. In the case where one of the decay products is null, there are two types of memory: a null memory due to the null…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-09-05 Alexander Tolish , Lydia Bieri , David Garfinkle , Robert M. Wald

We construct a mathematically controlled correspondence between the electric and magnetic parts of the Weyl tensor in vacuum general relativity and the kinematics of a micropolar (Cosserat) elastic medium. In this framework, gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-06 David Izabel

The cosmological memory effect is a permanent change in the relative separation of test particles located in a FLRW spacetime due to the passage of gravitational waves. In the case of a spatially flat FLRW spacetime filled with a perfect…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-20 Mohammad Ali Gorji , Taisuke Matsuda , Shinji Mukohyama

The description of low-energy (``soft") gravitons using universal theorems continues to attract attention. In this paper, we consider the emission of two soft gravitons, using a previously developed formalism that describes (next-to) soft…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-03 Karan Fernandes , Feng-Li Lin , Chris D. White

We consider and derive the gravitational soft theorem up to the sub-subleading power from the perspective of effective Lagrangians. The emergent soft gauge symmetries of the effective Lagrangian provide a transparent explanation of why soft…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-04-14 Martin Beneke , Patrick Hager , Robert Szafron

We derive the effects of a non-zero cosmological constant $\Lambda$ on gravitational wave propagation in the linearized approximation of general relativity. In this approximation we consider the situation where the metric can be written as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-09-17 José Bernabeu , Domènec Espriu , Daniel Puigdomènech

We show that charges associated with the internal Lorentz symmetries of general relativity, with higher derivative boundary terms included in the action, capture observable gravitational wave effects. In particular, the Gauss-Bonnet charge…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-26 Mahdi Godazgar , George Macaulay , Ali Seraj

Every emission of radiation in gravity also includes a nonwavelike component that leaves a permanent change in proper distances of the spacetime it travels through. This phenomenon is known as gravitational displacement memory. Building up…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-21 Lavinia Heisenberg , Benedetta Rosatello , Guangzi Xu , Jann Zosso

Gravitational effect of "magnetic type" -- those having a curl-like character over large spheres -- are investigated, for isolated systems. The Bondi-Sachs-Newman-Penrose formalism clarifies a number of points, especially related to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-14 Adam D. Helfer