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Fusing heterogeneous information remains a persistent challenge in modern data analysis. While significant progress has been made, existing approaches often fail to account for the inherent heterogeneity of object patterns across different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shuo Wang , Shunyang Huang , Jinghui Yuan , Zhixiang Shen , Zhao Kang

Continual fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) suffers from catastrophic forgetting. Rehearsal-based methods mitigate this problem by retaining a small set of old data. Nevertheless, they still suffer inevitable performance loss.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Zhilin Wang , Yafu Li , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng

Continually expanding new languages for existing large language models (LLMs) is a promising yet challenging approach to building powerful multilingual LLMs. The biggest challenge is to make the model continuously learn new languages while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xue Zhang , Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Songming Zhang , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu , Jie Zhou

In this paper, we aim to build a robust question answering system that can adapt to out-of-domain datasets. A single network may overfit to the superficial correlation in the training distribution, but with a meaningful number of expert…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Yu Qing Zhou , Xixuan Julie Liu , Yuanzhe Dong

Mixture of experts has emerged as the primary mechanism for making Large Language Models (LLMs) computationally efficient. However, in distributed settings, communicating token embeddings between experts is a significant bottleneck. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Muhammad Shahir Abdurrahman , Chun Deng , Azalia Mirhoseini , Philip Levis

Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs face significant obstacles due to their massive parameter scale, which imposes memory, storage, and deployment challenges. Although recent expert merging methods promise greater efficiency by consolidating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Lujun Li , Zhu Qiyuan , Jiacheng Wang , Wei Li , Hao Gu , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

Recent advancements have shown that the Mixture of Experts (MoE) approach significantly enhances the capacity of large language models (LLMs) and improves performance on downstream tasks. Building on these promising results, multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Linglin Jing , Yuting Gao , Zhigang Wang , Wang Lan , Yiwen Tang , Wenhai Wang , Kaipeng Zhang , Qingpei Guo

Sparse mixture of experts (SMoE) offers an appealing solution to scale up the model complexity beyond the mean of increasing the network's depth or width. However, we argue that effective SMoE training remains challenging because of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Nam V. Nguyen , Huy Nguyen , Quang Pham , Van Nguyen , Savitha Ramasamy , Nhat Ho

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has demonstrated promising potential in scaling LLMs. However, it is hindered by two critical challenges: (1) substantial GPU memory consumption to load all experts; (2) low activated parameters cannot be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yuanteng Chen , Yuantian Shao , Peisong Wang , Jian Cheng

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language models (LLMs), which leverage dynamic routing and sparse activation to enhance efficiency and scalability, have achieved higher performance while reducing computational costs. However, these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Xing Hu , Zhixuan Chen , Dawei Yang , Zukang Xu , Chen Xu , Zhihang Yuan , Sifan Zhou , Jiangyong Yu

Recently, mixture of experts (MoE) has become a popular paradigm for achieving the trade-off between modal capacity and efficiency of multi-modal large language models (MLLMs). Different from previous efforts, we are dedicated to exploring…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Qiong Wu , Zhaoxi Ke , Yiyi Zhou , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

Large language models like GPT-4 are resource-intensive, but recent advancements suggest that smaller, specialized experts can outperform the monolithic models on specific tasks. The Collaboration-of-Experts (CoE) approach integrates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Jiashun Suo , Xiaojian Liao , Limin Xiao , Li Ruan , Jinquan Wang , Xiao Su , Zhisheng Huo

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a key technique for scaling Large Language Models by activating only a subset of experts per query. Deploying MoE on consumer-grade edge hardware, however, is constrained by limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Guoying Zhu , Meng Li , Haipeng Dai , Xuechen Liu , Weijun Wang , Keran Li , Jun xiao , Ligeng Chen , Wei Wang

This research combines Knowledge Distillation (KD) and Mixture of Experts (MoE) to develop modular, efficient multilingual language models. Key objectives include evaluating adaptive versus fixed alpha methods in KD and comparing modular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Mohammed Al-Maamari , Mehdi Ben Amor , Michael Granitzer

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models enable parameter-efficient scaling through sparse expert activations, yet optimizing their inference and memory costs remains challenging due to limited understanding of their specialization behavior. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Marmik Chaudhari , Idhant Gulati , Nishkal Hundia , Pranav Karra , Shivam Raval

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant success in various natural language processing tasks, but how wireless communications can support LLMs has not been extensively studied. In this paper, we propose a wireless distributed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Nan Xue , Yaping Sun , Zhiyong Chen , Meixia Tao , Xiaodong Xu , Liang Qian , Shuguang Cui , Ping Zhang

Mixture of Experts (MoE) offers remarkable performance and computational efficiency by selectively activating subsets of model parameters. Traditionally, MoE models use homogeneous experts, each with identical capacity. However, varying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 An Wang , Xingwu Sun , Ruobing Xie , Shuaipeng Li , Jiaqi Zhu , Zhen Yang , Pinxue Zhao , J. N. Han , Zhanhui Kang , Di Wang , Naoaki Okazaki , Cheng-zhong Xu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become the key to scaling modern LLMs, yet little is understood about how their sparse routing dynamics respond to multilingual data. In this work, we analyze expert routing patterns using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Lucas Bandarkar , Chenyuan Yang , Mohsen Fayyaz , Junlin Hu , Nanyun Peng

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) technique has proven to be a promising solution to efficiently scale the model size, which has been widely applied in recent LLM advancements. However, the substantial memory overhead of MoE models has made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Ruijie Miao , Yilun Yao , Zihan Wang , Zhiming Wang , Bairen Yi , LingJun Liu , Yikai Zhao , Tong Yang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures scale large language models efficiently by employing a parametric ``router'' to dispatch tokens to a sparse subset of experts. Typically, this router is trained once and then frozen, rendering routing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Boxuan Lyu , Soichiro Murakami , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Peinan Zhang