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We explore how different types and uses of memory can aid spatial navigation in changing uncertain environments. In the simple foraging task we study, every day, our agent has to find its way from its home, through barriers, to food.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Omid Madani , J. Brian Burns , Reza Eghbali , Thomas L. Dean

Object Goal Navigation-requiring an agent to locate a specific object in an unseen environment-remains a core challenge in embodied AI. Although recent progress in Vision-Language Model (VLM)-based agents has demonstrated promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Dujun Nie , Xianda Guo , Yiqun Duan , Ruijun Zhang , Long Chen

Training-free Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) agents powered by foundation models can follow instructions and explore 3D environments. However, existing approaches rely on greedy frontier selection and passive spatial memory, leading to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Xueying Li , Feng Lyu , Hao Wu , Mingliu Liu , Jia-Nan Liu , Guozi Liu

We study lifelong visual perception in an embodied setup, where we develop new models and compare various agents that navigate in buildings and occasionally request annotations which, in turn, are used to refine their visual perception…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 David Nilsson , Aleksis Pirinen , Erik Gärtner , Cristian Sminchisescu

Enhancing the spatial perception capabilities of mobile robots is crucial for achieving embodied Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN). Although significant progress has been made in simulated environments, directly transferring these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Qianqian Bai , Zhongpu Chen , Ling Luo , Huaming Du , Yuqian Lei , Ziyun Jiao

In model-based learning, an agent's model is commonly defined over transitions between consecutive states of an environment even though planning often requires reasoning over multi-step timescales, with intermediate states either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Alexey Zakharov , Matthew Crosby , Zafeirios Fountas

Reinforcement learning agents deployed in the real world often have to cope with partially observable environments. Therefore, most agents employ memory mechanisms to approximate the state of the environment. Recently, there have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Fabian Paischer , Thomas Adler , Markus Hofmarcher , Sepp Hochreiter

When navigating in a man-made environment they haven't visited before--like an office building--humans employ behaviors such as reading signs and asking others for directions. These behaviors help humans reach their destinations efficiently…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Bhargav Chandaka , Gloria X. Wang , Haozhe Chen , Henry Che , Albert J. Zhai , Shenlong Wang

Spatial cognition enables adaptive goal-directed behavior by constructing internal models of space. Robust biological systems consolidate spatial knowledge into three interconnected forms: \textit{landmarks} for salient cues, \textit{route…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Shouwei Ruan , Liyuan Wang , Caixin Kang , Qihui Zhu , Songming Liu , Xingxing Wei , Hang Su

LLM-powered embodied agents have shown success on conventional object-rearrangement tasks, but providing personalized assistance that leverages user-specific knowledge from past interactions presents new challenges. We investigate these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Taeyoon Kwon , Dongwook Choi , Hyojun Kim , Sunghwan Kim , Seungjun Moon , Beong-woo Kwak , Kuan-Hao Huang , Jinyoung Yeo

Episodic control enables sample efficiency in reinforcement learning by recalling past experiences from an episodic memory. We propose a new model-based episodic memory of trajectories addressing current limitations of episodic control. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Hung Le , Thommen Karimpanal George , Majid Abdolshah , Truyen Tran , Svetha Venkatesh

Capitalizing on the remarkable advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), there is a burgeoning initiative to harness LLMs for instruction following robotic navigation. Such a trend underscores the potential of LLMs to generalize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Gengze Zhou , Yicong Hong , Zun Wang , Xin Eric Wang , Qi Wu

Understanding and mapping a new environment are core abilities of any autonomously navigating agent. While classical robotics usually estimates maps in a stand-alone manner with SLAM variants, which maintain a topological or metric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Pierre Marza , Laetitia Matignon , Olivier Simonin , Christian Wolf

Vision-and-language navigation (VLN) enables the agent to navigate to a remote location following the natural language instruction in 3D environments. At each navigation step, the agent selects from possible candidate locations and then…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Zihan Wang , Xiangyang Li , Jiahao Yang , Yeqi Liu , Junjie Hu , Ming Jiang , Shuqiang Jiang

Humans can collaborate and complete tasks based on visual signals and instruction from the environment. Training such a robot is difficult especially due to the understanding of the instruction and the complicated environment. Previous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Kairui Zhou

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires an agent to interpret natural language instructions and navigate complex environments. Current approaches often adopt a "black-box" paradigm, where a single Large Language Model (LLM) makes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Chenghao Liu , Zhimu Zhou , Jiachen Zhang , Minghao Zhang , Songfang Huang , Huiling Duan

Visual navigation takes inspiration from humans, who navigate in previously unseen environments using vision without detailed environment maps. Inspired by this, we introduce a novel no-RL, no-graph, no-odometry approach to visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Faith Johnson , Bryan Bo Cao , Ashwin Ashok , Shubham Jain , Kristin Dana

Vision-and-language navigation (VLN) is a key task in Embodied AI, requiring agents to navigate diverse and unseen environments while following natural language instructions. Traditional approaches rely heavily on historical observations as…

Autonomous navigation of mobile robots is an essential task for various industries. Sensor data is crucial to ensure safe and reliable navigation. However, sensor observations are often limited by different factors. Imagination can assist…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Zhengcheng Shen , Linh Kästner , Magdalena Yordanova , Jens Lambrecht

As the world of agentic artificial intelligence applied to robotics evolves, the need for agents capable of building and retrieving memories and observations efficiently is increasing. Robots operating in complex environments must build…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Paolo Riva , Leonardo Gargani , Matteo Frosi , Matteo Matteucci