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Direct detection of low-frequency gravitational waves ($10^{-9} - 10^{-8}$ Hz) is the main goal of pulsar timing array (PTA) projects. One of the main targets for the PTAs is to measure the stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWB)…
The gravitational wave detector of higher sensitivity and greater bandwidth in kilohertz window is required for future gravitational wave astronomy and cosmology. Here we present a new type broadband high frequency laser interferometer…
Superconducting cavities can operate analogously to Weber bar detectors of gravitational waves, converting mechanical to electromagnetic energy. The significantly reduced electromagnetic noise results in increased sensitivity to…
Space-based gravitational wave detectors, such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), use picometer-precision laser interferometry to detect gravitational waves at frequencies from 1 Hz down to below 0.1 mHz. Laser…
Coating Brownian noise is the dominant noise term, in a frequency band from a few tens to a few hundreds Hz, for all Earth-bound detectors of gravitational waves. Minimizing such noise is mandatory to increase the visibility distance of…
It is generally accepted that a first ever direct detection of gravity waves would herald a new era in astronomy and in fundamental physics. Ever since the early sixties, increasingly larger human and material resources are being invested…
Precision sensing and manipulation of milligram-scale mechanical oscillators has attracted growing interest in the fields of table-top explorations of gravity and tests of quantum mechanics at macroscopic scales. Torsional oscillators…
The third-generation (3G) gravitational wave (GW) detectors such as the Einstein telescope (ET) or Cosmic Explorer (CE) are expected to play an important role in cosmology. With the help of 3G detectors, we will be able to probe large-scale…
Gravitational wave detectors are already operating at interesting sensitivity levels, and they have an upgrade path that should result in secure detections by 2014. We review the physics of gravitational waves, how they interact with…
The results on cosmic rays detected by the gravitational antenna NAUTILUS have motivated an experiment (RAP) based on a suspended cylindrical bar, which is made of the same aluminum alloy as NAUTILUS and is exposed to a high energy electron…
We present a novel optomechanical inertial sensor for low frequency applications and corresponding acceleration measurements. This sensor has a resonant frequency of 4.7Hz, a mechanical quality factor of 476k, a test mass of 2.6 gram, and a…
Gravitational waves imprint apparent Doppler shifts on the frequency of photons propagating between an emitter and detector of light. This forms the basis of a method to detect gravitational waves using Doppler velocimetry between pairs of…
The torsion pendulum is a prevailing instrument for measuring small forces acting on a solid body or those between solid bodies. While it offers powerful advantages, the measurement precision suffers from thermal noises of the suspending…
We report on the characteristics and design details of the Medium Scale Anisotropy Measurement (MSAM), a millimeter-wave, balloon-borne telescope that has been used to observe anisotropy in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR)…
The physics of neutron stars can be studied with gravitational waves emitted from coalescing binary systems. Tidal effects become significant during the last few orbits and can be visible in the gravitational-wave spectrum above 500 Hz.…
Here within the basic design for a ground-based instrument for measuring the magnitude of the Earth's time-retarded transverse gravitational vector potential is described. The formula for the Earth's transverse vector potential is derived…
This chapter introduces the fundamental principles of gravitational wave detectors in a simple and comprehensive manner. Because these instruments aim for extremely high sensitivity, it is essential to understand their various noise…
The Laser Interferometer Lunar Antenna (LILA) presents a novel concept for observing gravitational waves from astrophysical sources at sub-Hertz frequencies. Compared to the Earth, the seismic environment of the moon, while uncertain, is…
We derive a lower bound on the sensitivity of generic mechanical and electromagnetic gravitational wave detectors. We consider both classical and quantum detection schemes, although we focus on the former. Our results allow for a simple…
Tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling, caused by the jitter of test masses or satellites, is a significant noise source in space-based gravitational wave detection. Calibrating and suppressing TTL coupling noise at the sub-nanometer level is…