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Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding plays a crucial role in enhancing the capabilities of Vision-Language Model (VLM) agents. While general VLMs, such as GPT-4V, demonstrate strong performance across various tasks, their proficiency in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Anthony Nguyen

Building AI systems for GUI automation task has attracted remarkable research efforts, where MLLMs are leveraged for processing user requirements and give operations. However, GUI automation includes a wide range of tasks, from document…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Zishu Wei , Qixiang Ma , Xavier Hu , Yuhang Liu , Hui Zang , Yudong Zhao , Tao Wang , Shengyu Zhang , Fei Wu

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding - the task of mapping natural language instructions to screen coordinates - is essential for autonomous agents and accessibility technologies. Existing systems rely on monolithic models or one-shot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 SeokJoo Kwak , Jihoon Kim , Boyoun Kim , Jung Jae Yoon , Wooseok Jang , Jeonghoon Hong , Jaeho Yang , Yeong-Dae Kwon

Despite the rapid progress of multimodal large language models in building Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, their real-world task completion is fundamentally bottlenecked by a lack of world knowledge about GUI operations. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zheng Wu , Chengcheng Han , Zhengxi Lu , Tianjie Ju , Yanyu Chen , Qi Gu , Xunliang Cai , Zhuosheng Zhang

Humans can flexibly switch between different modes of thinking based on task complexity: from rapid intuitive judgments to in-depth analytical understanding. However, current Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding systems which locate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Fei Tang , Yongliang Shen , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Guiyang Hou , Wenqi Zhang , Wenqiao Zhang , Kaitao Song , Weiming Lu , Yueting Zhuang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents are autonomous systems that interpret and generate actions, enabling intelligent user assistance and automation. Effective training of these agent presents unique challenges, such as sparsity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Yiqiao Jin , Stefano Petrangeli , Yu Shen , Gang Wu

World models have shown great utility in improving the task performance of embodied agents. While prior work largely focuses on pixel-space world models, these approaches face practical limitations in GUI settings, where predicting complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Shufan Li , Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Akash Gokul , Yusuke Kato , Kazuki Kozuka , Aditya Grover

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have markedly expanded the competence of graphical user-interface (GUI) systems, propelling them beyond controlled simulations into complex, real-world environments across diverse platforms. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Bin Lei , Nuo Xu , Ali Payani , Mingyi Hong , Chunhua Liao , Yu Cao , Caiwen Ding

While showing sophisticated reasoning abilities, large language models (LLMs) still struggle with long-horizon decision-making tasks due to deficient exploration and long-term credit assignment, especially in sparse-reward scenarios.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zican Hu , Wei Liu , Xiaoye Qu , Xiangyu Yue , Chunlin Chen , Zhi Wang , Yu Cheng

Automation of existing Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) is important but hard to achieve. Upstream of making the GUI user-accessible or somehow scriptable, even the data-collection to understand the original interface poses significant…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Iason Chaimalas , Arnas Vyšniauskas , Gabriel Brostow

The rapid advancement of vision-language models has catalyzed the emergence of GUI agents, which hold immense potential for automating complex tasks, from online shopping to flight booking, thereby alleviating the burden of repetitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Zhongyin Zhao , Yuan Liu , Yikun Liu , Haicheng Wang , Le Tian , Xiao Zhou , Yangxiu You , Zilin Yu , Yang Yu , Jie Zhou

Current Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents operate primarily under a reactive paradigm: a user must provide an explicit instruction for the agent to execute a task. However, an intelligent AI assistant should be proactive, which is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yuxiang Chai , Shunye Tang , Han Xiao , Rui Liu , Hongsheng Li

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, powered by Large Foundation Models, have emerged as a transformative approach to automating human-computer interaction. These agents autonomously interact with digital systems or software applications…

Most visual grounding solutions primarily focus on realistic images. However, applications involving synthetic images, such as Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), remain limited. This restricts the development of autonomous computer…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-21 El Hassane Ettifouri , Jessica López Espejel , Laura Minkova , Tassnim Dardouri , Walid Dahhane

Recent advancements in visual language models (VLMs) have notably enhanced their capabilities in handling complex Graphical User Interface (GUI) interaction tasks. Despite these improvements, current frameworks often struggle to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zhiyuan Hu , Shiyun Xiong , Yifan Zhang , See-Kiong Ng , Anh Tuan Luu , Bo An , Shuicheng Yan , Bryan Hooi

Training effective Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for GUI agents typically depends on large-scale annotated datasets, whose collection is both labor-intensive and error-prone. We introduce K-step GUI Transition, a self-supervised inverse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Longxi Gao , Li Zhang , Pengzhi Gao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Mengwei Xu

Existing Large Language Models (LLM) can invoke a variety of tools and APIs to complete complex tasks. The computer, as the most powerful and universal tool, could potentially be controlled directly by a trained LLM agent. Powered by the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Runliang Niu , Jindong Li , Shiqi Wang , Yali Fu , Xiyu Hu , Xueyuan Leng , He Kong , Yi Chang , Qi Wang

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has driven significant advances in Graphical User Interface (GUI) agent capabilities. Nevertheless, existing GUI agent training and inference techniques still suffer from a dilemma…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Shuquan Lian , Yuhang Wu , Jia Ma , Yifan Ding , Zihan Song , Bingqi Chen , Xiawu Zheng , Hui Li , Rongrong Ji

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents powered by Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have emerged as a revolutionary approach to automating human-machine interactions, capable of autonomously operating personal devices (e.g., mobile…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ziang Ye , Yang Zhang , Wentao Shi , Xiaoyu You , Fuli Feng , Tat-Seng Chua

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled GUI agents to interact with operating systems by grounding language into spatial actions. Despite their promising performance, these models frequently exhibit hallucinations-systematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Xingjian Tao , Yiwei Wang , Yujun Cai , Zhicheng Yang , Jing Tang