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Several pulsar timing array (PTA) groups have recently claimed the detection of nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB), but the origin of this gravitational wave (GW) signal remains unclear. Nanohertz GWs generated by supermassive…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-04 Qing Yang , Xiao Guo , Zhoujian Cao , Xiaoyun Shao , Xi Yuan

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will observe mHz gravitational waves from a wide variety of astrophysical sources. Of these, some will be characterizable as individual deterministic signals; the remainder will overlap to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-29 Alexander W. Criswell , Sharan Banagiri , Jessica Lawrence , Levi Schult , Steven Rieck , Stephen R. Taylor , Vuk Mandic

Gravitational lensing by large scale structure introduces non-Gaussianity into the Cosmic Microwave Background and imprints a new observable, which can be used as a cosmological probe. We apply a four-point estimator to the Wilkinson…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-03-06 Chang Feng , Brian Keating , Hans P. Paar , Oliver Zahn

We study the effects of pre-recombination physics on the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) anisotropies induced by the propagation of gravitons through the large-scale density perturbations and their cross-correlation with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-17 Matteo Braglia , Sachiko Kuroyanagi

We present a simple, yet accurate approximation for calculating the cosmic microwave background anisotropy power spectrum in adiabatic models. It consists of solving for the evolution of a two-fluid model until the epoch of recombination…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 Uros Seljak

The anisotropies of the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background (SGWB) produced by merging compact binaries constitute a possible new probe of the Large-Scale Structure (LSS). However, the significant shot noise contribution caused by the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-07 Giulia Capurri , Andrea Lapi , Carlo Baccigalupi

The stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is one of the main detection targets for future millihertz space-borne gravitational-wave observatories such as the \ac{LISA}, TianQin, and Taiji. For a single LISA-like detector, a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-10 Jun Cheng , En-Kun Li , Jianwei Mei

Single gravitational-wave detectors face inherent limitations in detecting the anisotropy of the stochastic background. In this work, we explore the sensitivity to anisotropic backgrounds with a network of space-borne detectors. We find…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-22 Zheng-Cheng Liang , Zhi-Yuan Li , En-Kun Li , Jian-dong Zhang , Yi-Ming Hu

We describe the signatures of a circularly polarized gravitational-wave background on the timing residuals obtained with pulsar-timing arrays. Most generally, the circular polarization will depend on the gravitational-wave direction, and we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-08 Enis Belgacem , Marc Kamionkowski

We propose a formalism for estimating the skewness and angular power spectrum of a general Cosmic Microwave Background data set. We use the Edgeworth Expansion to define a non-Gaussian likelihood function that takes into account the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-30 C. R. Contaldi , P. G. Ferreira , J. Magueijo , K. M. Gorski

One of the major predictions of inflation is the existence of a stochastic background of cosmological gravitational waves (GW). These gravitational waves can induce significant temperature anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Alessandro Melchiorri , Carolina Odman

We investigate the discrepancy pointed out by Jenkins et al. in Ref. [1] between the predictions of anisotropies of the astrophysical gravitational wave (GW) background, derived using different methods in Cusin et al. [2] and in Jenkins et…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-13 Giulia Cusin , Irina Dvorkin , Cyril Pitrou , Jean-Philippe Uzan

The cosmic radio dipole is an anisotropy in the number counts of radio sources, analogous to the dipole seen in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Measurements of source counts of large radio surveys have shown that though the radio…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-05 J. D. Wagenveld , H-R. Klöckner , D. J. Schwarz

We present a maximum-likelihood analysis for estimating the angular distribution of power in an anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background using ground-based laser interferometers. The standard isotropic and gravitational-wave…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-09-05 Eric Thrane , Stefan Ballmer , Joseph D. Romano , Sanjit Mitra , Dipongkar Talukder , Sukanta Bose , Vuk Mandic

We investigate the correlation between the distribution of galaxies and the predicted gravitational-wave background of astrophysical origin. We show that the large angular scale anisotropies of this background are dominated by nearby…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-19 Guadalupe Cañas-Herrera , Omar Contigiani , Valeri Vardanyan

The stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) created by astrophysical sources in the nearby Universe is likely to be anisotropic. Upper limits on SGWB anisotropy have been produced for all major data-taking runs by the ground-based…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-18 Deepali Agarwal , Jishnu Suresh , Sanjit Mitra , Anirban Ain

Extracting the faint gravitational-wave background (GWB) signal from dominant detector noise and disentangling its %diverse astrophysical and cosmological components remain significant challenges for traditional methods like…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-18 Hugo Einsle , Marie-Anne Bizouard , Tania Regimbau , Mairi Sakellariadou

We study different variants of the Gibbs sampler algorithm from the perspective of their applicability to the estimation of power spectra of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. These include approaches studied earlier in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-13 Gabriel Ducrocq , Nicolas Chopin , Josquin Errard , Radek Stompor

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) observations have recently gathered substantial evidence for the existence of a gravitational wave background in the nHz frequency band. Searching for anisotropies in this signal is key to determining its origin,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-02 Paul Frederik Depta , Valerie Domcke , Gabriele Franciolini , Mauro Pieroni
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