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The Koopman operator provides a linear perspective on non-linear dynamics by focusing on the evolution of observables in an invariant subspace. Observables of interest are typically linearly reconstructed from the Koopman eigenfunctions.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Shaowu Pan , Karthik Duraisamy

We propose a scalable reachability-based framework for probabilistic, data-driven safety verification of unknown nonlinear dynamics. We use Koopman theory with a neural network (NN) lifting function to learn an approximate linear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-06 Devesh Nath , Haoran Yin , Glen Chou

In this paper, we provide a tutorial overview and an extension of a recently developed framework for data-driven control of unknown nonlinear systems with rigorous closed-loop guarantees. The proposed approach relies on the Koopman operator…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-11 Robin Strässer , Julian Berberich , Manuel Schaller , Karl Worthmann , Frank Allgöwer

This paper proposes a data-driven framework to solve time-varying optimization problems associated with unknown linear dynamical systems. Making online control decisions to regulate a dynamical system to the solution of an optimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-08 Gianluca Bianchin , Miguel Vaquero , Jorge Cortes , Emiliano Dall'Anese

Koopman operator theory is receiving increased attention due to its promise to linearize nonlinear dynamics. Neural networks that are developed to represent Koopman operators have shown great success thanks to their ability to approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Yuying Liu , Aleksei Sholokhov , Hassan Mansour , Saleh Nabi

In the context of the linear programming (LP) approach to data-driven control, one assumes that the dynamical system is unknown but can be observed indirectly through data on its evolution. Both theoretical and empirical evidence suggest…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-28 Andrea Martinelli , Matilde Gargiani , John Lygeros

This paper considers the problem of controlling a dynamical system when the state cannot be directly measured and the control performance metrics are unknown or partially known. In particular, we focus on the design of data-driven…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-01 Liliaokeawawa Cothren , Gianluca Bianchin , Emiliano Dall'Anese

This work presents a novel data-driven framework for constructing eigenfunctions of the Koopman operator geared toward prediction and control. The method leverages the richness of the spectrum of the Koopman operator away from attractors to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-08 Milan Korda , Igor Mezić

This work establishes a rigorous bridge between infinite-dimensional delay dynamics and finite-dimensional Koopman learning, with explicit and interpretable error guarantees. While Koopman analysis is well-developed for ordinary…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-06 Santosh Mohan Rajkumar , Dibyasri Barman , Kumar Vikram Singh , Debdipta Goswami

Accurate modeling and control of autonomous vehicles remain a fundamental challenge due to the nonlinear and coupled nature of vehicle dynamics. While Koopman operator theory offers a framework for deploying powerful linear control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-18 Mohammad Abtahi , Farhang Motallebi Araghi , Navid Mojahed , Shima Nazari

In this paper, we study how the Koopman operator framework can be combined with kernel methods to effectively control nonlinear dynamical systems. While kernel methods have typically large computational requirements, we show how random…

Approximating the Koopman operator from data is numerically challenging when many lifting functions are considered. Even low-dimensional systems can yield unstable or ill-conditioned results in a high-dimensional lifted space. In this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-21 Steven Dahdah , James Richard Forbes

Reachability analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems is a challenging and computationally expensive task. Computing the reachable states for linear systems, in contrast, can often be done efficiently in high dimensions. In this paper, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-04 Stanley Bak , Sergiy Bogomolov , Parasara Sridhar Duggirala , Adam R. Gerlach , Kostiantyn Potomkin

Koopman operator theory provides a global linear representation of nonlinear dynamics and underpins many data-driven methods. In practice, however, finite-dimensional feature spaces induced by a user-chosen dictionary are rarely invariant,…

The Koopman operator has entered and transformed many research areas over the last years. Although the underlying concept$\unicode{x2013}$representing highly nonlinear dynamical systems by infinite-dimensional linear…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-12-17 Stefan Klus , Nataša Djurdjevac Conrad

In this work, we propose to apply the recently developed Koopman operator techniques to explore the global phase space of a nonlinear system from time-series data. In particular, we address the problem of identifying various invariant…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-10-09 Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Subhrajit Sinha , Enoch Yeung

This paper proposes a novel approach for modeling and controlling nonlinear systems with varying parameters. The approach introduces the use of a parameter-varying Koopman operator (PVKO) in a lifted space, which provides an efficient way…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-20 Changyu Lee , Kiyong Park , Jinwhan Kim

The challenge of finding exact and finite-dimensional Koopman embeddings of nonlinear systems has been largely circumvented by employing data-driven techniques to learn models of different complexities (e.g., linear, bilinear, input…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Lucian Cristian Iacob , Roland Tóth , Maarten Schoukens

Data-driven approximations of the Koopman operator are promising for predicting the time evolution of systems characterized by complex dynamics. Among these methods, the approach known as extended dynamic mode decomposition with dictionary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 C. Ricardo Constante-Amores , Alec J. Linot , Michael D. Graham

Koopman operator theory shows how nonlinear dynamical systems can be represented as an infinite-dimensional, linear operator acting on a Hilbert space of observables of the system. However, determining the relevant modes and eigenvalues of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Daniel J. Alford-Lago , Christopher W. Curtis , Alexander T. Ihler , Opal Issan
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