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Privacy regulations require the erasure of data from deep learning models. This is a significant challenge that is amplified in Federated Learning, where data remains on clients, making full retraining or coordinated updates often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Antonio Balordi , Lorenzo Manini , Fabio Stella , Alessio Merlo

Machine unlearning is an emerging technology that removes a subset of the training data from a trained model without significantly affecting the model performance on the remaining data. This topic is becoming increasingly important in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Laiqiao Qin , Tianqing Zhu , Linlin Wang , Wanlei Zhou

We revisit the efficacy of several practical methods for approximate machine unlearning developed for large-scale deep learning. In addition to complying with data deletion requests, one often-cited potential application for unlearning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Martin Pawelczyk , Jimmy Z. Di , Yiwei Lu , Gautam Kamath , Ayush Sekhari , Seth Neel

Machine unlearning addresses the problem of updating a machine learning model/system trained on a dataset $S$ so that the influence of a set of deletion requests $U \subseteq S$ on the unlearned model is minimized. The gold standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Linda Lu , Ayush Sekhari , Karthik Sridharan

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on extensive corpora inevitably retain sensitive data, such as personal privacy information and copyrighted material. Recent advancements in knowledge unlearning involve updating LLM parameters to erase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Bozhong Tian , Xiaozhuan Liang , Siyuan Cheng , Qingbin Liu , Mengru Wang , Dianbo Sui , Xi Chen , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

A catastrophic forgetting problem makes deep neural networks forget the previously learned information, when learning data collected in new environments, such as by different sensors or in different light conditions. This paper presents a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-04 Heechul Jung , Jeongwoo Ju , Minju Jung , Junmo Kim

Backdoor attacks pose a serious security threat for training neural networks as they surreptitiously introduce hidden functionalities into a model. Such backdoors remain silent during inference on clean inputs, evading detection due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Lukas Struppek , Martin B. Hentschel , Clifton Poth , Dominik Hintersdorf , Kristian Kersting

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients while preserving user privacy. Recently, Federated Unlearning (FU) has emerged to address the "right to be forgotten" and to remove the influence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ruinan Jin , Minghui Chen , Qiong Zhang , Xiaoxiao Li

The recent proliferation of large-scale text-to-image models has led to growing concerns that such models may be misused to generate harmful, misleading, and inappropriate content. Motivated by this issue, we derive a technique inspired by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Alvin Heng , Harold Soh

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generating high-quality images from textual prompts. However, their ability to store vast amounts of knowledge raises concerns in scenarios where selective forgetting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Gen Li , Yang Xiao , Jie Ji , Kaiyuan Deng , Bo Hui , Linke Guo , Xiaolong Ma

The right to be forgotten requires the removal or "unlearning" of a user's data from machine learning models. However, in the context of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS), retraining a model from scratch to fulfill the unlearning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Hongsheng Hu , Shuo Wang , Jiamin Chang , Haonan Zhong , Ruoxi Sun , Shuang Hao , Haojin Zhu , Minhui Xue

This study investigates the machine unlearning techniques within the context of large language models (LLMs), referred to as \textit{LLM unlearning}. LLM unlearning offers a principled approach to removing the influence of undesirable data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiahui Geng , Qing Li , Herbert Woisetschlaeger , Zongxiong Chen , Fengyu Cai , Yuxia Wang , Preslav Nakov , Hans-Arno Jacobsen , Fakhri Karray

Current unlearning methods for large language models usually rely on reverse optimization to reduce target token probabilities. However, this paradigm disrupts the subsequent tokens prediction, degrading model performance and linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Haoming Xu , Ningyuan Zhao , Liming Yang , Sendong Zhao , Shumin Deng , Mengru Wang , Bryan Hooi , Nay Oo , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

The rapid growth of machine learning has spurred legislative initiatives such as ``the Right to be Forgotten,'' allowing users to request data removal. In response, ``machine unlearning'' proposes the selective removal of unwanted data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Guihong Li , Hsiang Hsu , Chun-Fu Chen , Radu Marculescu

Machine unlearning aims to enable models to forget specific data instances when receiving deletion requests. Current research centres on efficient unlearning to erase the influence of data from the model and neglects the subsequent impacts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Huiqiang Chen , Tianqing Zhu , Xin Yu , Wanlei Zhou

The widespread adoption of text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models has raised concerns about their potential to generate copyrighted, inappropriate, or sensitive imagery. As a practical solution, machine unlearning aims to erase unwanted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Kaiyuan Deng , Bo Hui , Gen Li , Jie Ji , Minghai Qin , Geng Yuan , Xiaolong Ma

Model fusion research aims to aggregate the knowledge of multiple individual models to enhance performance by combining their weights. In this work, we study the inverse problem: investigating whether model fusion can be used to reduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Kerem Zaman , Leshem Choshen , Shashank Srivastava

Modern privacy regulations grant citizens the right to be forgotten by products, services and companies. In case of machine learning (ML) applications, this necessitates deletion of data not only from storage archives but also from ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Vikram S Chundawat , Ayush K Tarun , Murari Mandal , Mohan Kankanhalli

Diffusion models excel at generating high-quality, diverse images but suffer from training data memorization, raising critical privacy and safety concerns. Data unlearning has emerged to mitigate this issue by removing the influence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Qitan Shi , Cheng Jin , Jiawei Zhang , Yuantao Gu

Removing information from a machine learning model is a non-trivial task that requires to partially revert the training process. This task is unavoidable when sensitive data, such as credit card numbers or passwords, accidentally enter the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Alexander Warnecke , Lukas Pirch , Christian Wressnegger , Konrad Rieck