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We present Diffusion-KTO, a novel approach for aligning text-to-image diffusion models by formulating the alignment objective as the maximization of expected human utility. Since this objective applies to each generation independently,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Shufan Li , Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Akash Gokul , Yusuke Kato , Kazuki Kozuka

Recent advancements in diffusion models (DMs) have been propelled by alignment methods that post-train models to better conform to human preferences. However, these approaches typically require computation-intensive training of a base model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zejian Li , Yize Li , Chenye Meng , Zhongni Liu , Yang Ling , Shengyuan Zhang , Guang Yang , Changyuan Yang , Zhiyuan Yang , Lingyun Sun

Diffusion models and flow matching have demonstrated remarkable success in text-to-image generation. While many existing alignment methods primarily focus on fine-tuning pre-trained generative models to maximize a given reward function,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Yidong Ouyang , Liyan Xie , Hongyuan Zha , Guang Cheng

The integration of preference alignment with diffusion models (DMs) has emerged as a transformative approach to enhance image generation and editing capabilities. Although integrating diffusion models with preference alignment strategies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Sihao Wu , Xiaonan Si , Chi Xing , Jianhong Wang , Gaojie Jin , Guangliang Cheng , Lijun Zhang , Xiaowei Huang

Diffusion models are a class of flexible generative models trained with an approximation to the log-likelihood objective. However, most use cases of diffusion models are not concerned with likelihoods, but instead with downstream objectives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Kevin Black , Michael Janner , Yilun Du , Ilya Kostrikov , Sergey Levine

Despite recent advances, diffusion-based text-to-image models still struggle with accurate text rendering. Several studies have proposed fine-tuning or training-free refinement methods for accurate text rendering. However, the critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Kanghyun Baek , Sangyub Lee , Jin Young Choi , Jaewoo Song , Daemin Park , Jooyoung Choi , Chaehun Shin , Bohyung Han , Sungroh Yoon

Recent advances in diffusion-based text-to-image (T2I) models have led to remarkable success in generating high-quality images from textual prompts. However, ensuring accurate alignment between the text and the generated image remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jia Jun Cheng Xian , Muchen Li , Haotian Yang , Xin Tao , Pengfei Wan , Leonid Sigal , Renjie Liao

Diffusion models (DMs) have recently gained attention with state-of-the-art performance in text-to-image synthesis. Abiding by the tradition in deep learning, DMs are trained and evaluated on the images with fixed sizes. However, users are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Zhiyu Jin , Xuli Shen , Bin Li , Xiangyang Xue

Inference-time alignment provides an efficient alternative for aligning LLMs with humans. However, these approaches still face challenges, such as limited scalability due to policy-specific value functions and latency during the inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ruizhe Chen , Wenhao Chai , Zhifei Yang , Xiaotian Zhang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Tony Quek , Soujanya Poria , Zuozhu Liu

Aligning large language models with human preferences has emerged as a critical focus in language modeling research. Yet, integrating preference learning into Text-to-Image (T2I) generative models is still relatively uncharted territory.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yi Gu , Zhendong Wang , Yueqin Yin , Yujia Xie , Mingyuan Zhou

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generating realistic and versatile images from text prompts. Inspired by the recent advancements of language models, there is an increasing interest in further improving the models by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Binxu Li , Minkai Xu , Jiaqi Han , Meihua Dang , Stefano Ermon

The goal of this paper is to optimize the training process of diffusion-based text-to-speech models. While recent studies have achieved remarkable advancements, their training demands substantial time and computational costs, largely due to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-02 Jeongsoo Choi , Zhikang Niu , Ji-Hoon Kim , Chunhui Wang , Joon Son Chung , Xie Chen

Without using explicit reward, direct preference optimization (DPO) employs paired human preference data to fine-tune generative models, a method that has garnered considerable attention in large language models (LLMs). However, exploration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Yunhong Lu , Qichao Wang , Hengyuan Cao , Xierui Wang , Xiaoyin Xu , Min Zhang

Learning from feedback has been shown to enhance the alignment between text prompts and images in text-to-image diffusion models. However, due to the lack of focus in feedback content, especially regarding the object type and quantity,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Xuexiang Niu , Jinping Tang , Lei Wang , Ge Zhu

Direct preference optimization (DPO) has shown success in aligning diffusion models with human preference. Previous approaches typically assume a consistent preference label between final generations and noisy samples at intermediate steps,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Jie Ren , Yuhang Zhang , Dongrui Liu , Xiaopeng Zhang , Qi Tian

Aligning diffusion models with user preferences has been a key challenge. Existing methods for aligning diffusion models either require retraining or are limited to differentiable reward functions. To address these limitations, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Po-Hung Yeh , Kuang-Huei Lee , Jun-Cheng Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are fine-tuned using human comparison data with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) methods to make them better aligned with users' preferences. In contrast to LLMs, human preference learning has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Bram Wallace , Meihua Dang , Rafael Rafailov , Linqi Zhou , Aaron Lou , Senthil Purushwalkam , Stefano Ermon , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty , Nikhil Naik

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a predominant alignment method for diffusion models, facilitating off-policy training without explicit reward modeling. However, its reliance on large-scale, high-quality human preference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Khiem Pham , Quang Nguyen , Tung Nguyen , Jingsen Zhu , Michele Santacatterina , Dimitris Metaxas , Ramin Zabih

The practical applications of diffusion models have been limited by the misalignment between generated images and corresponding text prompts. Recent studies have introduced direct preference optimization (DPO) to enhance the alignment of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zijing Hu , Fengda Zhang , Kun Kuang

Text-guided image inpainting endeavors to generate new content within specified regions of images using textual prompts from users. The primary challenge is to accurately align the inpainted areas with the user-provided prompts while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Chao Gong , Dong Li , Yingwei Pan , Jingjing Chen , Ting Yao , Tao Mei
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