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Recent breakthroughs in large language model-driven autonomous agents have revealed that multi-agent collaboration often surpasses each individual through collective reasoning. Inspired by the neural scaling law--increasing neurons enhances…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Chen Qian , Zihao Xie , YiFei Wang , Wei Liu , Kunlun Zhu , Hanchen Xia , Yufan Dang , Zhuoyun Du , Weize Chen , Cheng Yang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly enhanced the capabilities of AI-driven agents across various tasks. However, existing agentic systems, whether based on fixed pipeline algorithms or pre-defined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xunjian Yin , Xinyi Wang , Liangming Pan , Li Lin , Xiaojun Wan , William Yang Wang

LLM agents are increasingly deployed to plan, retrieve, and write with tools, yet evaluation still leans on static benchmarks and small human studies. We present the Agent-Testing Agent (ATA), a meta-agent that combines static code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Sameer Komoravolu , Khalil Mrini

The ReAct (Reasoning + Action) capability in large language models (LLMs) has become the foundation of modern agentic systems. Recent LLMs, such as DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI o1/o3, exemplify this by emphasizing reasoning through the generation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Mrinal Rawat , Ambuje Gupta , Rushil Goomer , Alessandro Di Bari , Neha Gupta , Roberto Pieraccini

With the rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), an increasing number of studies have leveraged LLMs as the cognitive core of agents to address complex task decision-making challenges. Specially, recent research has demonstrated…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Di Zhao , Longhui Ma , Siwei Wang , Miao Wang , Zhao Lv

Existing LLM agent systems typically select actions from a fixed and predefined set at every step. While this approach is effective in closed, narrowly scoped environments, it presents two major challenges for real-world, open-ended…

Embodied agents operating in household environments must interpret ambiguous and under-specified human instructions. A capable household robot should recognize ambiguity and ask relevant clarification questions to infer the user intent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ram Ramrakhya , Matthew Chang , Xavier Puig , Ruta Desai , Zsolt Kira , Roozbeh Mottaghi

When developing reinforcement learning agents, the standard approach is to train an agent to converge to a fixed policy that is as close to optimal as possible for a single fixed reward function. If different agent behaviour is required in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-01-29 David O'Callaghan , Patrick Mannion

Rule-based adaptation is a foundational approach to self-adaptation, characterized by its human readability and rapid response. However, building high-performance and robust adaptation rules is often a challenge because it essentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Yusei Ishimizu , Jialong Li , Jinglue Xu , Jinyu Cai , Hitoshi Iba , Kenji Tei

Over its lifetime, a reinforcement learning agent is often tasked with different tasks. How to efficiently adapt a previously learned control policy from one task to another, remains an open research question. In this paper, we investigate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Matthias Hutsebaut-Buysse , Kevin Mets , Steven Latré

We present Dynamic Skill Adaptation (DSA), an adaptive and dynamic framework to adapt novel and complex skills to Large Language Models (LLMs). Compared with previous work which learns from human-curated and static data in random orders, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Jiaao Chen , Diyi Yang

Recently, autonomous agents built on large language models (LLMs) have experienced significant development and are being deployed in real-world applications. These agents can extend the base LLM's capabilities in multiple ways. For example,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Boyang Zhang , Yicong Tan , Yun Shen , Ahmed Salem , Michael Backes , Savvas Zannettou , Yang Zhang

In multi-agent navigation, agents need to move towards their goal locations while avoiding collisions with other agents and static obstacles, often without communication with each other. Existing methods compute motions that are optimal…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2017-10-13 Julio Godoy , Tiannan Chen , Stephen J. Guy , Ioannis Karamouzas , Maria Gini

We present a method for combining multi-agent communication and traditional data-driven approaches to natural language learning, with an end goal of teaching agents to communicate with humans in natural language. Our starting point is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Angeliki Lazaridou , Anna Potapenko , Olivier Tieleman

We analyze the language learned by an agent trained with reinforcement learning as a component of the ActiveQA system [Buck et al., 2017]. In ActiveQA, question answering is framed as a reinforcement learning task in which an agent sits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-24 Christian Buck , Jannis Bulian , Massimiliano Ciaramita , Wojciech Gajewski , Andrea Gesmundo , Neil Houlsby , Wei Wang

Memory systems are critical for LLMs, mitigating context window limitations and supporting long-horizon user-LLM interactions. Such systems typically comprise multiple agents responsible for memory construction and retrieval. Existing…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Wenyu Mao , Haoyang Liu , Haosong Tan , Yaorui Shi , Jiancan Wu , An Zhang , Xiang Wang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in games has gained significant momentum in recent years, enabling the creation of different agent behaviors that can transform a player's gaming experience. However, deploying RL agents in production…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 António Afonso , Iolanda Leite , Alessandro Sestini , Florian Fuchs , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

We have seen remarkable progress in large language models (LLMs) empowered multi-agent systems solving complex tasks necessitating cooperation among experts with diverse skills. However, optimizing LLM-based multi-agent systems remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Ming Shen , Raphael Shu , Anurag Pratik , James Gung , Yubin Ge , Monica Sunkara , Yi Zhang

The statelessness of foundation models bottlenecks agentic systems' ability to continually learn, a core capability for long-horizon reasoning and adaptation. To address this limitation, agentic systems commonly incorporate memory modules…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yiming Xiong , Shengran Hu , Jeff Clune

Owing to recent advancements, Large Language Models (LLMs) can now be deployed as agents for increasingly complex decision-making applications in areas including robotics, gaming, and API integration. However, reflecting past experiences in…