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Terror attacks have been linked in part to online extremist content. Although tens of thousands of Islamist extremism supporters consume such content, they are a small fraction relative to peaceful Muslims. The efforts to contain the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Ugur Kursuncu , Manas Gaur , Carlos Castillo , Amanuel Alambo , K. Thirunarayan , Valerie Shalin , Dilshod Achilov , I. Budak Arpinar , Amit Sheth

Accurate detection and classification of online hate is a difficult task. Implicit hate is particularly challenging as such content tends to have unusual syntax, polysemic words, and fewer markers of prejudice (e.g., slurs). This problem is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Austin Botelho , Bertie Vidgen , Scott A. Hale

Memes are a popular form of communicating trends and ideas in social media and on the internet in general, combining the modalities of images and text. They can express humor and sarcasm but can also have offensive content. Analyzing and…

With the continuous growth of internet users and media content, it is very hard to track down hateful speech in audio and video. Converting video or audio into text does not detect hate speech accurately as human sometimes uses hateful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Fariha Tahosin Boishakhi , Ponkoj Chandra Shill , Md. Golam Rabiul Alam

State-of-the-art image and text classification models, such as Convolutional Neural Networks and Transformers, have long been able to classify their respective unimodal reasoning satisfactorily with accuracy close to or exceeding human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Weijun Jin , Lance Wilhelm

Detecting and classifying instances of hate in social media text has been a problem of interest in Natural Language Processing in the recent years. Our work leverages state of the art Transformer language models to identify hate speech in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Sayar Ghosh Roy , Ujwal Narayan , Tathagata Raha , Zubair Abid , Vasudeva Varma

Satire is a form of humorous critique, but it is sometimes misinterpreted by readers as legitimate news, which can lead to harmful consequences. We observe that the images used in satirical news articles often contain absurd or ridiculous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Lily Li , Or Levi , Pedram Hosseini , David A. Broniatowski

Hateful meme detection is a new research area recently brought out that requires both visual, linguistic understanding of the meme and some background knowledge to performing well on the task. This technical report summarises the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Ron Zhu

Moderation of social media content is currently a highly manual task, yet there is too much content posted daily to do so effectively. With the advent of a number of multimodal models, there is the potential to reduce the amount of manual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Bryan Zhao , Andrew Zhang , Blake Watson , Gillian Kearney , Isaac Dale

The age of social media is flooded with Internet memes, necessitating a clear grasp and effective identification of harmful ones. This task presents a significant challenge due to the implicit meaning embedded in memes, which is not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Hongzhan Lin , Ziyang Luo , Wei Gao , Jing Ma , Bo Wang , Ruichao Yang

Detecting hate speech in memes is challenging due to their multimodal nature and subtle, culturally grounded cues such as sarcasm and context. While recent vision-language models (VLMs) enable joint reasoning over text and images,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ivo Bueno , Lea Hirlimann , Enkelejda Kasneci

Internet memes represent a popular form of multimodal online communication and often use figurative elements to convey layered meaning through the combination of text and images. However, it remains largely unclear how multimodal large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Shijia Zhou , Saif M. Mohammad , Barbara Plank , Diego Frassinelli

Hateful Meme Challenge proposed by Facebook AI has attracted contestants around the world. The challenge focuses on detecting hateful speech in multimodal memes. Various state-of-the-art deep learning models have been applied to this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Aijing Gao , Bingjun Wang , Jiaqi Yin , Yating Tian

Internet memes have gained significant influence in communicating political, psychological, and sociocultural ideas. While memes are often humorous, there has been a rise in the use of memes for trolling and cyberbullying. Although a wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Prince Jha , Krishanu Maity , Raghav Jain , Apoorv Verma , Sriparna Saha , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Hateful meme classification is a challenging multimodal task that requires complex reasoning and contextual background knowledge. Ideally, we could leverage an explicit external knowledge base to supplement contextual and cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Rui Cao , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Wen-Haw Chong , Jing Jiang

Internet memes have emerged as an increasingly popular means of communication on the Web. Although typically intended to elicit humour, they have been increasingly used to spread hatred, trolling, and cyberbullying, as well as to target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Shivam Sharma , Md. Shad Akhtar , Preslav Nakov , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Internet memes are a central element of online culture, blending images and text. While substantial research has focused on either the visual or textual components of memes, little attention has been given to their interplay. This gap…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Aidos Konyspay , Pakizar Shamoi , Malika Ziyada , Zhusup Smambayev

Hate speech detection in Devanagari-scripted social media memes presents compounded challenges: multimodal content structure, script-specific linguistic complexity, and extreme data scarcity in low-resource settings. This paper presents our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Samir Wagle , Reewaj Khanal , Abiral Adhikari

The rapid growth of video content on platforms such as TikTok and YouTube has intensified the spread of multimodal hate speech, where harmful cues emerge subtly and asynchronously across visual, acoustic, and textual streams. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Qiyue Sun , Tailin Chen , Yinghui Zhang , Yuchen Zhang , Jiangbei Yue , Jianbo Jiao , Zeyu Fu

With the online proliferation of hate speech, there is an urgent need for systems that can detect such harmful content. In this paper, We present the machine learning models developed for the Automatic Misogyny Identification (AMI) shared…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Punyajoy Saha , Binny Mathew , Pawan Goyal , Animesh Mukherjee