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This work investigates the effects of time-varying media, where optical properties change over time, on electromagnetic wave propagation, focusing on plane waves and free-electron evanescent waves. We introduce a switching parameter,…

We show that the spatial coherence of thermal radiation can be manipulated in time-modulated photonic systems supporting surface polaritons. We develop a fluctuational electrodynamics formalism for such systems to calculate the…

Optics · Physics 2023-03-01 Renwen Yu , Shanhui Fan

Controlling amplitude, phase and polarization of electromagnetic waves is key for a full manipulation of wave-matter interactions. The Brewster angle is one of the important features in this context. Here, we exploit metamaterial concepts…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-24 Victor Pacheco-Peña , Nader Engheta

The spatial and temporal dynamics of wave propagation are intertwined. A common manifestation of this duality emerges in the spatial and temporal decay of waves as they propagate through a lossy medium. A complete description of the…

Space-time modulated metamaterials support extraordinary rich applications, such as parametric amplification, frequency conversion and non-reciprocal transmission. However, experimental realization of space-time modulation is highly…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-01-13 Xinhua Wen , Xinghong Zhu , Alvin Fan , Wing Yim Tam , Jie Zhu , Fabrice Lemoult , Mathias Fink , Jensen Li

This paper deals with the numerical modeling of wave propagation in porous media described by Biot's theory. The viscous efforts between the fluid and the elastic skeleton are assumed to be a linear function of the relative velocity, which…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-05-20 Guillaume Chiavassa , Bruno Lombard

We consider a coupled mode system where the effective propagation constants of localized modes are amenable to modulation. Starting from an unmodulated system where power transfer is heavily suppressed, we demonstrate that small, periodic…

Optics · Physics 2020-11-11 B. Jaramillo-Ávila , B. M. Rodríguez-Lara

Time-reversal symmetry allows waves to retrace their paths through complex media and refocus at their origin. However, incomplete capture and reversal of scattered waves often limits pulse recompression. We address this challenge for…

Controlling waves by actively changing the material parameters of a medium enables the development of new acoustic and electrical devices. Modulating the material breaks classical properties like reciprocity and the conservation of energy,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Jörg Nick

Space-time varying media enable unprecedented control over electromagnetic waves, yet most existing studies assume idealized, nondispersive materials and thus fail to capture the intrinsic frequency dispersion of realistic platforms. Here,…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-16 Klaas De Kinder , Christophe Caloz

The deflection of waves by combining the effects of time modulation with anisotropy has been recently proposed in the context of electromagnetism. In this work, we characterise this phenomenon, called temporal aiming, for water waves using…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-02-10 Magdalini Koukouraki , Philippe Petitjeans , Agnès Maurel , Vincent Pagneux

Time reflection and refraction are temporal analogies of the spatial boundary effects derived from Fermat's principle. They occur when classical waves strike a time boundary where an abrupt change in the properties of the medium is…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2023-09-20 Zhaoli Dong , Hang Li , Tuo Wan , Qian Liang , Zhaoju Yang , Bo Yan

Ultrafast manipulation of optical resonance can establish the time-boundary effect in time-variant media leading to a new degree of freedom for coherent control of electromagnetic waves. Here, we demonstrate that a free-standing all…

Space-time modulation-based metamaterials have recently spurred considerable interest, owing to the fundamental addition of the time dimension to the medium parameters, and resulting novel properties and potential applications. However, the…

The analysis of wave patterns in a structure which possesses periodicity in the spatial and temporal dimensions is presented. The topic of imperfect chiral interfaces is also considered. Although causality is fundamental for physical…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-08-10 A. B. Movchan , N. V. Movchan , I. S. Jones , G. W. Milton , H. -M. Nguyen

Photonic time-varying systems have attracted significant attention owing to their rich physics and potential opportunities for new and enhanced functionalities. In this context, the duality of space and time in wave physics has been…

Optics · Physics 2022-09-13 Zeki Hayran , Jacob B. Khurgin , Francesco Monticone

We prove the possibility of achieving exponentially growing wave propagation in space-time modulated media and give an asymptotic analysis of the quasifrequencies in terms of the amplitude of the time modulation at the degenerate points of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-06-30 Habib Ammari , Jinghao Cao , Xinmeng Zeng

Many properties of photonic structures rely on band topology characterized by the integer invariants that can change during the topological transitions and give rise to the disorder-robust topological edge, corner, or interface states.…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-11-30 Leon Shaposhnikov , Denis Sakhno , Daniel A. Bobylev , Maxim A. Gorlach

Space-time modulation induced non-reciprocity in EM metasurfaces is proposed and numerically demonstrated using rigorous Generalized Sheet Transitions Conditions (GSTCs) under oblique plane-wave incidence. It is phenomenologically shown…

Optics · Physics 2017-04-03 Shulabh Gupta , Scott. A. Stewart , Tom J. Smy

We report the first experimental demonstration of combined spatial and temporal control of light trajectories through opaque media. This control is achieved by solely manipulating spatial degrees of freedom of the incident wavefront. As an…