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Compositionality is a basic structural feature of both biological and artificial neural networks. Learning compositional functions via gradient descent incurs well known problems like vanishing and exploding gradients, making careful…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Jeremy Bernstein , Jiawei Zhao , Markus Meister , Ming-Yu Liu , Anima Anandkumar , Yisong Yue

Adaptive optimization algorithms, such as Adam and RMSprop, have shown better optimization performance than stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in some scenarios. However, recent studies show that they often lead to worse generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Zijun Zhang , Lin Ma , Zongpeng Li , Chuan Wu

In recent years, deep learning has achieved remarkable success in various fields such as image recognition, natural language processing, and speech recognition. The effectiveness of deep learning largely depends on the optimization methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 David Shulman

Adaptive gradient methods for stochastic optimization adjust the learning rate for each parameter locally. However, there is also a global learning rate which must be tuned in order to get the best performance. In this paper, we present a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Hiroaki Hayashi , Jayanth Koushik , Graham Neubig

Analytical models developed in offline settings with pre-prepared data are typically used to predict students' performance. However, when data are available over time, this learning method is not suitable anymore. Online learning is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Chahrazed Labba , Anne Boyer

Although ADAM is a very popular algorithm for optimizing the weights of neural networks, it has been recently shown that it can diverge even in simple convex optimization examples. Several variants of ADAM have been proposed to circumvent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-25 Anas Barakat , Pascal Bianchi

Distributed adaptive stochastic gradient methods have been widely used for large-scale nonconvex optimization, such as training deep learning models. However, their communication complexity on finding $\varepsilon$-stationary points has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Congliang Chen , Li Shen , Wei Liu , Zhi-Quan Luo

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has taken the stage as the primary workhorse for large-scale machine learning. It is often used with its adaptive variants such as AdaGrad, Adam, and AMSGrad. This paper proposes an adaptive stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Tianyi Chen , Ziye Guo , Yuejiao Sun , Wotao Yin

This paper proposes a conjugate-gradient-based Adam algorithm blending Adam with nonlinear conjugate gradient methods and shows its convergence analysis. Numerical experiments on text classification and image classification show that the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-04 Yu Kobayashi , Hideaki Iiduka

Adam has been widely adopted for training deep neural networks due to less hyperparameter tuning and remarkable performance. To improve generalization, Adam is typically used in tandem with a squared $\ell_2$ regularizer (referred to as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Zhenxun Zhuang , Mingrui Liu , Ashok Cutkosky , Francesco Orabona

Recent evidence suggests that Adam performs robustly when its momentum parameters are tied, $\beta_1=\beta_2$, reducing the optimizer to a single remaining parameter. However, how this parameter should be set remains poorly understood. We…

In this paper, we provide a rigorous proof of convergence of the Adaptive Moment Estimate (Adam) algorithm for a wide class of optimization objectives. Despite the popularity and efficiency of the Adam algorithm in training deep neural…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Haochuan Li , Alexander Rakhlin , Ali Jadbabaie

Adaptive gradient methods, which adopt historical gradient information to automatically adjust the learning rate, despite the nice property of fast convergence, have been observed to generalize worse than stochastic gradient descent (SGD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Jinghui Chen , Dongruo Zhou , Yiqi Tang , Ziyan Yang , Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

The adaptive optimizer for training neural networks has continually evolved to overcome the limitations of the previously proposed adaptive methods. Recent studies have found the rare counterexamples that Adam cannot converge to the optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Kiwook Bae , Heechang Ryu , Hayong Shin

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a prominent approach for collaborative training of machine learning models across distributed clients while preserving data privacy. However, the quest to balance acceleration and stability becomes a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Liuzhi Zhou , Yu He , Kun Zhai , Xiang Liu , Sen Liu , Xingjun Ma , Guangnan Ye , Yu-Gang Jiang , Hongfeng Chai

Continual learning, an important aspect of artificial intelligence and machine learning research, focuses on developing models that learn and adapt to new tasks while retaining previously acquired knowledge. Existing continual learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Liwei Kang , Wee Sun Lee

The choice of optimizer significantly impacts the training efficiency and computational costs of large language models (LLMs). Recently, the Muon optimizer has demonstrated promising results by orthogonalizing parameter updates, improving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Zichong Li , Liming Liu , Chen Liang , Weizhu Chen , Tuo Zhao

In this paper, we study the convergence of the Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) algorithm under unconstrained non-convex smooth stochastic optimizations. Despite the widespread usage in machine learning areas, its theoretical properties…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-06 Yusu Hong , Junhong Lin

A major contributor to the quality of a deep learning model is the selection of the optimizer. We propose a new dual-joint search space in the realm of neural optimizer search (NOS), along with an integrity check, to automate the process of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Brandon Morgan , Dean Hougen

An associative memory (AM) enables cue-response recall, and it has recently been recognized as a key mechanism underlying modern neural architectures such as Transformers. In this work, we introduce the concept of distributed dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Bowen Wang , Matteo Zecchin , Osvaldo Simeone