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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate impressive cross-modal capabilities, yet their substantial size poses significant deployment challenges. Knowledge distillation (KD) is a promising solution for compressing these models,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Lin Chen , Xiaoke Zhao , Kun Ding , Weiwei Feng , Changtao Miao , Zili Wang , Wenxuan Guo , Ying Wang , Kaiyuan Zheng , Bo Zhang , Zhe Li , Shiming Xiang

Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various VQA tasks. However, they often lack interpretability and struggle with complex visual inputs, especially when the resolution of the input image is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Hao Shao , Shengju Qian , Han Xiao , Guanglu Song , Zhuofan Zong , Letian Wang , Yu Liu , Hongsheng Li

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have expanded reasoning capabilities into 3D domains, enabling fine-grained spatial understanding. However, the substantial size of 3D MLLMs and the high dimensionality of input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yuhui Lin , Siyue Yu , Yuxing Yang , Guangliang Cheng , Jimin Xiao

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant strides by training on vast high-quality image-text datasets, enabling them to generally understand images well. However, the inherent difficulty in explicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuanze Lin , Yunsheng Li , Dongdong Chen , Weijian Xu , Ronald Clark , Philip Torr , Lu Yuan

This paper focuses on monolithic Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), which integrate visual encoding and language decoding into a single model. Existing structures and pre-training strategies for monolithic MLLMs often suffer from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Gen Luo , Wenhan Dou , Wenhao Li , Zhaokai Wang , Xue Yang , Changyao Tian , Hao Li , Weiyun Wang , Wenhai Wang , Xizhou Zhu , Yu Qiao , Jifeng Dai

Large multimodal models excel in multimodal tasks but face significant computational challenges due to excessive computation on visual tokens. Unlike token reduction methods that focus on token-level redundancy, we identify and study the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Penghao Wu , Lewei Lu , Ziwei Liu

While 3D Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable scene understanding capabilities, their practical deployment faces critical challenges due to computational inefficiency. The key bottleneck stems from processing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Wencan Huang , Daizong Liu , Wei Hu

Recent Multimodal Large Language Models(MLLMs) often use a large number of visual tokens to compensate their visual shortcoming, leading to excessive computation and obvious visual redundancy. In this paper, we investigate what kind of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yutao Jiang , Qiong Wu , Wenhao Lin , Wei Yu , Yiyi Zhou

In this paper, we introduce PruneVid, a visual token pruning method designed to enhance the efficiency of multi-modal video understanding. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in video tasks due to their extended…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Xiaohu Huang , Hao Zhou , Kai Han

Current autoregressive Vision Language Models (VLMs) usually rely on a large number of visual tokens to represent images, resulting in a need for more compute especially at inference time. To address this problem, we propose Mask-LLaVA, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Soumya Jahagirdar , Walid Bousselham , Anna Kukleva , Hilde Kuehne

Visual language tracking (VLT) has emerged as a cutting-edge research area, harnessing linguistic data to enhance algorithms with multi-modal inputs and broadening the scope of traditional single object tracking (SOT) to encompass video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Xuchen Li , Shiyu Hu , Xiaokun Feng , Dailing Zhang , Meiqi Wu , Jing Zhang , Kaiqi Huang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) combine visual and textual representations to enable rich reasoning capabilities. However, the high computational cost of processing dense visual tokens remains a major bottleneck. A critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Mohamad Zamini , Diksha Shukla

Recent advances in Video Large Language Models (VLLMs) have significantly enhanced their ability to understand video content. Nonetheless, processing long videos remains challenging due to high computational demands and the redundancy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Mengyue Wang , Shuo Chen , Kristian Kersting , Volker Tresp , Yunpu Ma

Continuous latent-space reasoning offers a compact alternative to textual chain-of-thought for multimodal models, enabling high-dimensional visual evidence to be integrated without explicit reasoning tokens. However, we identify a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Xin Zhang , Qiqi Tao , Jiawei Du , Moyun Liu , Joey Tianyi Zhou

The efficiency of large vision-language models (LVLMs) is constrained by the computational bottleneck of the attention mechanism during the prefill phase and the memory bottleneck of fetching the key-value (KV) cache in the decoding phase,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Yefei He , Feng Chen , Jing Liu , Wenqi Shao , Hong Zhou , Kaipeng Zhang , Bohan Zhuang

Multi-modal keyphrase prediction (MMKP) aims to advance beyond text-only methods by incorporating multiple modalities of input information to produce a set of conclusive phrases. Traditional multi-modal approaches have been proven to have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Qihang Ma , Shengyu Li , Jie Tang , Dingkang Yang , Shaodong Chen , Yingyi Zhang , Chao Feng , Jiao Ran

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) still struggle with complex reasoning tasks in Visual Question Answering (VQA). While current methods have advanced by incorporating visual prompts, our study uncovers critical limitations: these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Songtao Jiang , Chenyi Zhou , Yan Zhang , Yeying Jin , Zuozhu Liu

Vision-language models (VLMs) predominantly rely on autoregressive decoding, which generates tokens one at a time and fundamentally limits inference throughput. This limitation is especially acute in physical AI scenarios such as robotics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Chengyue Wu , Shiyi Lan , Yonggan Fu , Sensen Gao , Jin Wang , Jincheng Yu , Jose M. Alvarez , Pavlo Molchanov , Ping Luo , Song Han , Ligeng Zhu , Enze Xie

Recent breakthroughs in reasoning language models have significantly advanced text-based reasoning. On the other hand, Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) still lag behind, hindered by their outdated internal LLMs. Upgrading these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yunhao Gou , Kai Chen , Zhili Liu , Lanqing Hong , Xin Jin , Zhenguo Li , James T. Kwok , Yu Zhang

The visual projector serves as an essential bridge between the visual encoder and the Large Language Model (LLM) in a Multimodal LLM (MLLM). Typically, MLLMs adopt a simple MLP to preserve all visual contexts via one-to-one transformation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Wentong Li , Yuqian Yuan , Jian Liu , Dongqi Tang , Song Wang , Jie Qin , Jianke Zhu , Lei Zhang