Related papers: The 2-complexity of even positive integers
A (left) quotient of a language $L$ by a word $w$ is the language $w^{-1}L=\{x\mid wx\in L\}$. The quotient complexity of a regular language $L$ is the number of quotients of $L$; it is equal to the state complexity of $L$, which is the…
A simplicial complex is $r$-conic if every subcomplex of at most $r$ vertices is contained in the star of a vertex. A $4$-conic complex is simply connected. We prove that an $8$-conic complex is $2$-connected. In general a $(2n+1)$-conic…
Given a subset of $\mathbb C$ containing $x,y$, one can add $x + y,\,x - y,\,xy$ or (when $y\ne0$) $x/y$ or any $z$ such that $z^2=x$. Let $p$ be a prime Fermat number. We prove that it is possible to obtain from $\{1\}$ a set containing…
Simple games cover voting systems in which a single alternative, such as a bill or an amendment, is pitted against the status quo. A simple game or a yes-no voting system is a set of rules that specifies exactly which collections of ``yea''…
An infinite permutation is a linear order on the set N. We study the properties of infinite permutations generated by fixed points of some uniform binary morphisms, and find the formula for their complexity.
An algebraic integer is said large if all its real or complex embeddings have absolute value larger than $1$. An integral ideal is said \emph{large} if it admits a large generator. We investigate the notion of largeness, relating it to some…
Let $p$ be a prime. In this paper, we compute complexities of some simple modules of symmetric groups labelled by two-part partitions. Most of the simple modules considered here are contained in the $p$-blocks with non-abelian defect…
We study the following generalization of Roth's theorem for 3-term arithmetic progressions. For s>1, define a nontrivial s-configuration to be a set of s(s+1)/2 integers consisting of s distinct integers x_1,...,x_s as well as all the…
We prove a complex polynomial of degree $n$ has at most $\lceil n/2 \rceil$ attractive fixed points lying on a line. We also consider the general case.
We present a novel conjecture concerning the additive representation of natural numbers using prime powers. Based on extensive computational verification, we conjecture that every integer n > 23 can be expressed as a sum of at most five…
String complexity is defined as the cardinality of a set of all distinct words (factors) of a given string. For two strings, we introduce the joint string complexity as the cardinality of a set of words that are common to both strings.…
We present a rigorous and relatively fast method for the computation of the "complexity" of a natural number (sequence A005245), and answer some "old and new" questions related to the question in the title of this note. We also extend the…
This is a very basic introduction to some notions related to logic and complexity.
A property, or statistical functional, is said to be elicitable if it minimizes expected loss for some loss function. The study of which properties are elicitable sheds light on the capabilities and limitations of point estimation and…
A finite-dimensional unital and associative algebra over $\mathbb{R}$, or what we shall call simply "an algebra" in this paper for short, generalities the construction by which we derive the complex numbers by "adjoining an element $i$" to…
Generalizations of numeration systems in which N is recognizable by a finite automaton are obtained by describing a lexicographically ordered infinite regular language L over a finite alphabet A. For these systems, we obtain a…
Suppose $p$ is a computable real so that $p \geq 1$. We show that in both the real and complex case $l^p$ is computably categorical if and only if $p \neq 2$.
The Kolmogorov complexity of a string is the length of its shortest description. We define a second quantised Kolmogorov complexity where the length of a description is defined to be the average length of its superposition. We discuss this…
In studying the complexity of iterative processes it is usually assumed that the arithmetic operations of addition, multiplication, and division can be performed in certain constant times. This assumption is invalid if the precision…
Existential positive formulas form a fragment of first-order logic that includes and is semantically equivalent to unions of conjunctive queries, one of the most important and well-studied classes of queries in database theory. We consider…