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Diffusion models struggle to produce samples that respect constraints, a common requirement in scientific applications. Recent approaches have introduced regularization terms in the loss or guidance methods during sampling to enforce such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Victor M. Yeom-Song , Severi Rissanen , Arno Solin , Samuel Kaski , Mingfei Sun

Diffusion models recently proved to be remarkable priors for Bayesian inverse problems. However, training these models typically requires access to large amounts of clean data, which could prove difficult in some settings. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 François Rozet , Gérôme Andry , François Lanusse , Gilles Louppe

Transformer-based diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance at generating high-quality samples. However, our theoretical understanding of the reasons for this success remains limited. For instance, existing models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hongkang Li , Hancheng Min , Rene Vidal

Recent advances in deep learning theory have evoked the study of generalizability across different local minima of deep neural networks (DNNs). While current work focused on either discovering properties of good local minima or developing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Zhiwei Jia , Hao Su

While current state-of-the-art generalizable implicit neural shape models rely on the inductive bias of convolutions, it is still not entirely clear how properties emerging from such biases are compatible with the task of 3D reconstruction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Amine Ouasfi , Adnane Boukhayma

Denoising diffusion models have become ubiquitous for generative modeling. The core idea is to transport the data distribution to a Gaussian by using a diffusion. Approximate samples from the data distribution are then obtained by…

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) often perform well, but their stability is poorly understood. To address this problem, we consider the simple prototypical problem of signal denoising, where classical approaches such as nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Tobias Alt , Joachim Weickert , Pascal Peter

Today's denoising diffusion models do not "denoise" in the classical sense, i.e., they do not directly predict clean images. Rather, the neural networks predict noise or a noised quantity. In this paper, we suggest that predicting clean…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Tianhong Li , Kaiming He

We design and analyze a new paradigm for building supervised learning networks, driven only by local optimization rules without relying on a global error function. Traditional neural networks with a fixed topology are made up of identical…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-10-04 S. Barland , L. Gil

This article provides a mathematically rigorous introduction to denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs), sometimes also referred to as diffusion probabilistic models or diffusion models, for generative artificial intelligence. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Davide Gallon , Arnulf Jentzen , Philippe von Wurstemberger

Deep convolutional networks often append additive constant ("bias") terms to their convolution operations, enabling a richer repertoire of functional mappings. Biases are also used to facilitate training, by subtracting mean response over…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-11 Sreyas Mohan , Zahra Kadkhodaie , Eero P. Simoncelli , Carlos Fernandez-Granda

Diffusion models are a class of flexible generative models trained with an approximation to the log-likelihood objective. However, most use cases of diffusion models are not concerned with likelihoods, but instead with downstream objectives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Kevin Black , Michael Janner , Yilun Du , Ilya Kostrikov , Sergey Levine

Deformable image registration aims to precisely align medical images from different modalities or times. Traditional deep learning methods, while effective, often lack interpretability, real-time observability and adjustment capacity during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yongtai Zhuo , Yiqing Shen

Randomized smoothing is a well-established method for achieving certified robustness against l2-adversarial perturbations. By incorporating a denoiser before the base classifier, pretrained classifiers can be seamlessly integrated into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Ali Hedayatnia , Mostafa Tavassolipour , Babak Nadjar Araabi , Abdol-Hossein Vahabie

The neural-network denoising functions which form the backbone of image diffusion models are remarkably consistent in their generalization behaviour across a wide variety of network architectures and training procedure hyperparameters. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Matthew Niedoba , Berend Zwartsenberg , Frank Wood

Image denoising is probably the oldest and still one of the most active research topic in image processing. Many methodological concepts have been introduced in the past decades and have improved performances significantly in recent years,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Sébastien Herbreteau , Charles Kervrann

Face anti-spoofing is crucial for ensuring the security and reliability of face recognition systems. Several existing face anti-spoofing methods utilize GAN-like networks to detect presentation attacks by estimating the noise pattern of a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Bin Zhang , Xiangyu Zhu , Xiaoyu Zhang , Zhen Lei

Denosing diffusion model, as a generative model, has received a lot of attention in the field of image generation recently, thanks to its powerful generation capability. However, diffusion models have not yet received sufficient research in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 ZiHan Cao , ShiQi Cao , Xiao Wu , JunMing Hou , Ran Ran , Liang-Jian Deng

Modern deep learning models generalize remarkably well in-distribution, despite being overparametrized and trained with little to no explicit regularization. Instead, current theory credits implicit regularization imposed by the choice of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jonathan Wenger , Beau Coker , Juraj Marusic , John P. Cunningham

Generalization is at the core of machine learning models. However, the definition of generalization is not entirely clear. We employ set theory to introduce the concepts of algorithms, hypotheses, and dataset generalization. We analyze the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Shiqi Liu