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Adaptive mesh refinement is central to the efficient solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) via the finite element method (FEM). Classical $r$-adaptivity optimizes vertex positions but requires solving expensive auxiliary PDEs…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Niccolò Grillo , James Rowbottom , Pietro Liò , Carola Bibiane Schönlieb , Stefania Fresca

Partial differential equations (PDEs) with near singular solutions pose significant challenges for traditional numerical methods, particularly in complex geometries where mesh generation and adaptive refinement become computationally…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-24 Yangtao Deng , Qiaolin He , Xiaoping Wang

Modeled Reynolds stress is a major source of model-form uncertainties in Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations. Recently, a physics-informed machine-learning (PIML) approach has been proposed for reconstructing the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-07-23 Jian-Xun Wang , Junji Huang , Lian Duan , Heng Xiao

Parallel implementation of numerical adaptive mesh refinement (AMR)strategies for solving 3D elastostatic contact mechanics problems is an essential step toward complex simulations that exceed current performance levels. This paper…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Alexandre Epalle , Isabelle Ramière , Guillaume Latu , Frédéric Lebon

Physics Informed Neural Networks is a numerical method which uses neural networks to approximate solutions of partial differential equations. It has received a lot of attention and is currently used in numerous physical and engineering…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Dimitrios Gazoulis , Ioannis Gkanis , Charalambos G. Makridakis

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a very popular class of neural solvers for partial differential equations. In practice, one often employs stochastic gradient descent type algorithms to train the neural network. Therefore,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Bangti Jin , Longjun Wu

We propose an adaptive sampling method for the training of Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) which allows for sampling based on an arbitrary problem-specific heuristic which may depend on the network and its gradients. In particular…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Kevin Buck , Woojeong Kim

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer a powerful paradigm for flow reconstruction, seamlessly integrating sparse velocity measurements with the governing Navier-Stokes equations to recover complete velocity and latent pressure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Yixiao Qian , Jiaxu Liu , Zewei Xia , Song Chen , Chao Xu , Shengze Cai

We report a new approach to flow field tomography that uses the Navier-Stokes and advection-diffusion equations to regularize reconstructions. Tomography is increasingly employed to infer 2D or 3D fluid flow and combustion structures from a…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-03-31 Joseph P. Molnar , Samuel J. Grauer

The approximation of solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) with numerical algorithms is a central topic in applied mathematics. For many decades, various types of methods for this purpose have been developed and extensively…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-08-26 Lukas Gonon , Arnulf Jentzen , Benno Kuckuck , Siyu Liang , Adrian Riekert , Philippe von Wurstemberger

Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) is becoming a prevalent data representation for scientific visualization. Resulting from large fluid mechanics simulations, the data is usually cell centric, imposing a number of challenges for high quality…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Stefan Zellmann , Qi Wu , Alper Sahistan , Kwan-Liu Ma , Ingo Wald

Many engineering systems require accurate simulations of complex physical systems. Yet, analytical solutions are only available for simple problems, necessitating numerical approximations such as the Finite Element Method (FEM). The cost…

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a simple surrogate-modelling paradigm for partial differential equations, but their standard strong-form residual formulation is ill suited to the shallow water equations (SWE). It cannot enforce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xiaofeng Liu

Accurate prediction of rarefied gas dynamics is crucial for optimizing flows through microelectromechanical systems, air filtration devices, and shale gas extraction. Traditional methods, such as discrete velocity and direct simulation…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Jean-Michel Tucny , Marco Lauricella , Mihir Durve , Gianmarco Guglielmo , Andrea Montessori , Sauro Succi

In this work we propose a deep adaptive sampling (DAS) method for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), where deep neural networks are utilized to approximate the solutions of PDEs and deep generative models are employed to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-07-06 Kejun Tang , Xiaoliang Wan , Chao Yang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), owing to their mesh-free nature, offer a powerful approach for solving high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) in complex geometries, including irregular domains. This capability…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Hanfei Zhou , Lei Shi

Neural networks can be trained to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by using the PDE residual as the loss function. This strategy is called "physics-informed neural networks" (PINNs), but it currently cannot produce high-accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Qi Zeng , Yash Kothari , Spencer H. Bryngelson , Florian Schäfer

Time-fractional differential equations offer a robust framework for capturing intricate phenomena characterized by memory effects, particularly in fields like biotransport and rheology. However, solving inverse problems involving fractional…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Sukirt Thakur , Harsa Mitra , Arezoo M. Ardekani

We have carried out numerical simulations of strongly gravitating systems based on the Einstein equations coupled to the relativistic hydrodynamic equations using adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) techniques. We show AMR simulations of NS…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Edwin Evans , Sai Iyer , Erik Schnetter , Wai-Mo Suen , Jian Tao , Randy Wolfmeyer , Hui-Min Zhang

Deep Learning (DL) algorithms are becoming increasingly popular for the reconstruction of high-resolution turbulent flows (aka super-resolution). However, current DL approaches perform spatially uniform super-resolution - a key performance…

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