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As Large Language Models (LLMs) push the boundaries of AI capabilities, their demand for data is growing. Much of this data is private and distributed across edge devices, making Federated Learning (FL) a de-facto alternative for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Hanzi Mei , Dongqi Cai , Ao Zhou , Shangguang Wang , Mengwei Xu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made significant advancements, demonstrating powerful capabilities in processing and understanding multimodal data. Fine-tuning MLLMs with Federated Learning (FL) allows for expanding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Binqian Xu , Xiangbo Shu , Haiyang Mei , Guosen Xie , Basura Fernando , Jinhui Tang

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as important components across various fields, yet their training requires substantial computation resources and abundant labeled data. It poses a challenge to robustly training LLMs for individual…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jiaxing QI , Zhongzhi Luan , Shaohan Huang , Carol Fung , Hailong Yang , Depei Qian

While federated learning (FL) enables fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) without compromising data privacy, the substantial size of an LLM renders on-device training impractical for resource-constrained clients, such as mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zihan Fang , Zheng Lin , Senkang Hu , Yanan Ma , Yihang Tao , Yiqin Deng , Xianhao Chen , Yuguang Fang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) via federated learning, i.e., FedLLM, has been proposed to adapt LLMs for various downstream applications in a privacy-preserving way. To reduce the fine-tuning costs on resource-constrained devices,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Jun Liu , Yunming Liao , Hongli Xu , Yang Xu

By adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to domain-specific tasks or enriching them with domain-specific knowledge, we can fully harness the capabilities of LLMs. Nonetheless, a gap persists in achieving simultaneous mutual enhancement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Tao Fan , Yan Kang , Guoqiang Ma , Lixin Fan , Shuoling Liu , Kai Chen , Qiang Yang

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm in which a central server coordinates multiple participants (clients) collaboratively to train on decentralized data. In practice, FL often faces statistical, system, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Liping Yi , Han Yu , Gang Wang , Xiaoguang Liu , Xiaoxiao Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, but fine-tuning them for domain-specific applications often requires substantial domain-specific data that may be distributed across multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Lei Wang , Jieming Bian , Letian Zhang , Jie Xu

Federated Learning (FL) offers a decentralized framework for training and fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) by leveraging computational resources across organizations while keeping sensitive data on local devices. It addresses…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Md Jueal Mia , M. Hadi Amini

Federated learning (FL) provides a privacy-preserving solution for fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) using distributed private datasets, enabling task-specific adaptation while preserving data privacy. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Na Yan , Yang Su , Yansha Deng , Robert Schober

Large language models (LLMs) show amazing performance on many domain-specific tasks after fine-tuning with some appropriate data. However, many domain-specific data are privately distributed across multiple owners. Thus, this dilemma raises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Feijie Wu , Zitao Li , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Jing Gao

While large pre-trained models have achieved impressive performance across AI tasks, their deployment in privacy-sensitive and distributed environments remains challenging. Federated learning (FL) offers a viable solution by enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ruofan Jia , Weiying Xie , Jie Lei , Jitao Ma , Haonan Qin , Leyuan Fang

Large Language Models (LLM) and foundation models are popular as they offer new opportunities for individuals and businesses to improve natural language processing, interact with data, and retrieve information faster. However, training or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Herbert Woisetschläger , Alexander Isenko , Shiqiang Wang , Ruben Mayer , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

Federated Learning (FL) has recently been applied to the parameter-efficient fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs). While promising, it raises significant challenges due to the heterogeneous resources and data distributions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jiamu Bai , Daoyuan Chen , Bingchen Qian , Liuyi Yao , Yaliang Li

Federated learning (FL) is a collaborative machine learning approach that enables multiple clients to train models without sharing their private data. With the rise of deep learning, large-scale models have garnered significant attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ziwei Zhan , Wenkuan Zhao , Yuanqing Li , Weijie Liu , Xiaoxi Zhang , Chee Wei Tan , Chuan Wu , Deke Guo , Xu Chen

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has become a common practice for personalized natural language understanding (NLU) applications on downstream tasks and domain-specific datasets. However, there are two main challenges:…

LLMs have demonstrated great capabilities in various NLP tasks. Different entities can further improve the performance of those LLMs on their specific downstream tasks by fine-tuning LLMs. When several entities have similar interested…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Weirui Kuang , Bingchen Qian , Zitao Li , Daoyuan Chen , Dawei Gao , Xuchen Pan , Yuexiang Xie , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained prominence in the field of Legal Intelligence, offering potential applications in assisting legal professionals and laymen. However, the centralized training of these Legal LLMs raises data privacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Linan Yue , Qi Liu , Yichao Du , Weibo Gao , Ye Liu , Fangzhou Yao

Federated learning (FL) enables collaboratively training deep learning models on decentralized data. However, there are three types of heterogeneities in FL setting bringing about distinctive challenges to the canonical federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Tao Shen , Jie Zhang , Xinkang Jia , Fengda Zhang , Gang Huang , Pan Zhou , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu , Chao Wu

Collaboratively fine-tuning (FT) large language models (LLMs) over heterogeneous mobile devices fosters immense potential applications of personalized intelligence. However, such a vision faces critical system challenges. Conventional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xingke Yang , Liang Li , Sicong Li , Liwei Guan , Hao Wang , Xiaoqi Qi , Jiang Liu , Xin Fu , Miao Pan
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