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Learning from Label Proportions (LLP) is a weakly supervised learning method that aims to perform instance classification from training data consisting of pairs of bags containing multiple instances and the class label proportions within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Ryoma Kobayashi , Yusuke Mukuta , Tatsuya Harada

Learning from Label Proportions (LLP) is a learning setting, where the training data is provided in groups, or "bags", and only the proportion of each class in each bag is known. The task is to learn a model to predict the class labels of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-02-13 Felix X. Yu , Krzysztof Choromanski , Sanjiv Kumar , Tony Jebara , Shih-Fu Chang

We investigate Learning from Label Proportions (LLP), a partial information setting where examples in a training set are grouped into bags, and only aggregate label values in each bag are available. Despite the partial observability, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Robert Busa-Fekete , Travis Dick , Claudio Gentile , Haim Kaplan , Tomer Koren , Uri Stemmer

Learning from label proportions (LLP) is a promising weakly supervised learning problem. In LLP, a set of instances (bag) has label proportions, but no instance-level labels are given. LLP aims to train an instance-level classifier by using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Takanori Asanomi , Shinnosuke Matsuo , Daiki Suehiro , Ryoma Bise

Protecting user privacy is a major concern for many machine learning systems that are deployed at scale and collect from a diverse set of population. One way to address this concern is by collecting and releasing data labels in an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Lin Chen , Gang Fu , Amin Karbasi , Vahab Mirrokni

Learning with Label Proportions (LLP) is the problem of recovering the underlying true labels given a dataset when the data is presented in the form of bags. This paradigm is particularly suitable in contexts where providing individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-25 Rafael Poyiadzi , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Niall Twomey

In many real-world applications, due to recent developments in the privacy landscape, training data may be aggregated to preserve the privacy of sensitive training labels. In the learning from label proportions (LLP) framework, the dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Anand Brahmbhatt , Rishi Saket , Shreyas Havaldar , Anshul Nasery , Aravindan Raghuveer

Learning from label proportions (LLP) is a weakly supervised setting for classification in which unlabeled training instances are grouped into bags, and each bag is annotated with the proportion of each class occurring in that bag. Prior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-15 Clayton Scott , Jianxin Zhang

In many applications, especially due to lack of supervision or privacy concerns, the training data is grouped into bags of instances (feature-vectors) and for each bag we have only an aggregate label derived from the instance-labels in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Sagalpreet Singh , Navodita Sharma , Shreyas Havaldar , Rishi Saket , Aravindan Raghuveer

We consider the problem of Learning from Label Proportions (LLP), a weakly supervised classification setup where instances are grouped into "bags", and only the frequency of class labels at each bag is available. Albeit, the objective of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Robert Istvan Busa-Fekete , Heejin Choi , Travis Dick , Claudio Gentile , Andres Munoz medina

Learning from label proportions (LLP) is a kind of weakly supervised learning that trains an instance-level classifier from label proportions of bags, which consist of sets of instances without using instance labels. A challenge in LLP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Shunsuke Kubo , Shinnosuke Matsuo , Daiki Suehiro , Kazuhiro Terada , Hiroaki Ito , Akihiko Yoshizawa , Ryoma Bise

We present one of the preliminary NLP works under the challenging setup of Learning from Label Proportions (LLP), where the data is provided in an aggregate form called bags and only the proportion of samples in each class as the ground…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Jatin Chauhan , Xiaoxuan Wang , Wei Wang

Learning from Label Proportions (LLP) is a learning problem where only aggregate level labels are available for groups of instances, called bags, during training, and the aim is to get the best performance at the instance-level on the test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Shreyas Havaldar , Navodita Sharma , Shubhi Sareen , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Aravindan Raghuveer

In learning from label proportions (LLP), the instances are grouped into bags, and the task is to learn an instance classifier given relative class proportions in training bags. LLP is useful when obtaining individual instance labels is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Denis Baručić , Jan Kybic

This paper proposes a novel and efficient method for Learning from Label Proportions (LLP), whose goal is to train a classifier only by using the class label proportions of instance sets, called bags. We propose a novel LLP method based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Shinnosuke Matsuo , Ryoma Bise , Seiichi Uchida , Daiki Suehiro

Label Proportion Learning (LLP) addresses the classification problem where multiple instances are grouped into bags and each bag contains information about the proportion of each class. However, in practical applications, obtaining precise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Jiahe Qin , Junpeng Li , Changchun Hua , Yana Yang

The paper proposes a novel multi-class Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL) problem called Learning from Majority Label (LML). In LML, the majority class of instances in a bag is assigned as the bag-level label. The goal of LML is to train a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Shiku Kaito , Shinnosuke Matsuo , Daiki Suehiro , Ryoma Bise

Learning from Label Proportions (LLP) is a weakly supervised problem in which the training data comprise bags, that is, groups of instances, each annotated only with bag-level class label proportions, and the objective is to learn a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tianhao Ma , Ximing Li , Changchun Li , Renchu Guan

Learning from Label Proportions (LLP) is an established machine learning problem with numerous real-world applications. In this setting, data items are grouped into bags, and the goal is to learn individual item labels, knowing only the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Gabriel Franco , Giovanni Comarela , Mark Crovella

Learning from label proportions (LLP) is a weakly supervised classification problem where data points are grouped into bags, and the label proportions within each bag are observed instead of the instance-level labels. The task is to learn a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Jianxin Zhang , Yutong Wang , Clayton Scott
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