English
Related papers

Related papers: Perception of Visual Content: Differences Between …

200 papers

[Background:] Thematic analysis of free-text justifications in human experiments provides significant qualitative insights. Yet, it is costly because reliable annotations require multiple domain experts. Large language models (LLMs) seem…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Maria Camporese , Fabio Massacci , Yuanjun Gong

The potential of artificial intelligence (AI)-based large language models (LLMs) holds considerable promise in revolutionizing education, research, and practice. However, distinguishing between human-written and AI-generated text has become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Kadhim Hayawi , Sakib Shahriar , Sujith Samuel Mathew

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) classification performance depends critically on evaluation protocol and ground truth quality. Studies comparing MLLMs with supervised and vision-language models report conflicting conclusions, and we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nikita Kisel , Illia Volkov , Klara Janouskova , Jiri Matas

Neural captioners are typically trained to mimic human-generated references without optimizing for any specific communication goal, leading to problems such as the generation of vague captions. In this paper, we show that fine-tuning an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Roberto Dessì , Michele Bevilacqua , Eleonora Gualdoni , Nathanael Carraz Rakotonirina , Francesca Franzon , Marco Baroni

Recommendation systems increasingly depend on massive human-labeled datasets; however, the human annotators hired to generate these labels increasingly come from homogeneous backgrounds. This poses an issue when downstream predictive models…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant limitations in understanding creative content, as demonstrated by Hessel et al. (2023)'s influential work on the New Yorker Cartoon Caption Contest (NYCCC). Their study exposed a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Kuan Lok Zhou , Jiayi Chen , Siddharth Suresh , Reuben Narad , Timothy T. Rogers , Lalit K Jain , Robert D Nowak , Bob Mankoff , Jifan Zhang

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have improved image captioning for cultural heritage. However, inferring structured cultural metadata (e.g., creator, origin, period) from visual input remains underexplored. We introduce a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yuechen Jiang , Enze Zhang , Md Mohsinul Kabir , Qianqian Xie , Stavroula Golfomitsou , Konstantinos Arvanitis , Sophia Ananiadou

Laughter is considered one of the most overt signals of joy. Laughter is well-recognized as a multimodal phenomenon but is most commonly detected by sensing the sound of laughter. It is unclear how perception and annotation of laughter…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Jose Vargas-Quiros , Laura Cabrera-Quiros , Catharine Oertel , Hayley Hung

Generative large language models (LLMs) can be a powerful tool for augmenting text annotation procedures, but their performance varies across annotation tasks due to prompt quality, text data idiosyncrasies, and conceptual difficulty.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Nicholas Pangakis , Samuel Wolken , Neil Fasching

Many annotation tasks in natural language processing are highly subjective in that there can be different valid and justified perspectives on what is a proper label for a given example. This also applies to the judgment of argument quality,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Philipp Heinisch , Matthias Orlikowski , Julia Romberg , Philipp Cimiano

Hand-annotated data can vary due to factors such as subjective differences, intra-rater variability, and differing annotator expertise. We study annotations from different experts who labelled the same behavior classes on a set of animal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Megan Tjandrasuwita , Jennifer J. Sun , Ann Kennedy , Swarat Chaudhuri , Yisong Yue

Providing a human-understandable explanation of classifiers' decisions has become imperative to generate trust in their use for day-to-day tasks. Although many works have addressed this problem by generating visual explanation maps, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Martin Charachon , Paul-Henry Cournède , Céline Hudelot , Roberto Ardon

Many questions that we ask about the world do not have a single clear answer, yet typical human annotation set-ups in machine learning assume there must be a single ground truth label for all examples in every task. The divergence between…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Alicia Parrish , Sarah Laszlo , Lora Aroyo

Some recent artificial neural networks (ANNs) claim to model aspects of primate neural and human performance data. Their success in object recognition is, however, dependent on exploiting low-level features for solving visual tasks in a way…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Girik Malik , Dakarai Crowder , Ennio Mingolla

Well-annotated datasets, as shown in recent top studies, are becoming more important for researchers than ever before in supervised machine learning (ML). However, the dataset annotation process and its related human labor costs remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Haozhan Sun , Chenchen Xu , Hanna Suominen

Human evaluation is increasingly critical for assessing large language models, capturing linguistic nuances, and reflecting user preferences more accurately than traditional automated metrics. However, the resource-intensive nature of this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Meriem Boubdir , Edward Kim , Beyza Ermis , Marzieh Fadaee , Sara Hooker

Automatically captioning images with natural language sentences is an important research topic. State of the art models are able to produce human-like sentences. These models typically describe the depicted scene as a whole and do not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Philipp Harzig , Stephan Brehm , Rainer Lienhart , Carolin Kaiser , René Schallner

Human data annotation, especially when involving experts, is often treated as an objective reference. However, many annotation tasks are inherently subjective, and annotators' judgments may evolve over time. This study investigates changes…

Establishing stable mappings between natural language expressions and visual percepts is a foundational problem for both cognitive science and artificial intelligence. Humans routinely ground linguistic reference in noisy, ambiguous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Joseph Bingham

Diverse and extensive work has recently been conducted on text-conditioned human motion generation. However, progress in the reverse direction, motion captioning, has seen less comparable advancement. In this paper, we introduce a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Karim Radouane , Julien Lagarde , Sylvie Ranwez , Andon Tchechmedjiev