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Diffusion models currently dominate the field of data-driven image synthesis with their unparalleled scaling to large datasets. In this paper, we identify and rectify several causes for uneven and ineffective training in the popular ADM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Tero Karras , Miika Aittala , Jaakko Lehtinen , Janne Hellsten , Timo Aila , Samuli Laine

We study diffusion-based speech enhancement using a Schrodinger bridge formulation and extend the EDM2 framework to this setting. We employ time-dependent preconditioning of network inputs and outputs to stabilize training and explore two…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-30 Julius Richter , Danilo de Oliveira , Timo Gerkmann

Embedding learning has found widespread applications in recommendation systems and natural language modeling, among other domains. To learn quality embeddings efficiently, adaptive learning rate algorithms have demonstrated superior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Yan Li , Dhruv Choudhary , Xiaohan Wei , Baichuan Yuan , Bhargav Bhushanam , Tuo Zhao , Guanghui Lan

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is the workhorse algorithm of deep learning technology. At each step of the training phase, a mini batch of samples is drawn from the training dataset and the weights of the neural network are adjusted…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-09-07 Francesca Mignacco , Pierfrancesco Urbani

One crucial factor behind the success of deep learning lies in the implicit bias induced by noise inherent in gradient-based training algorithms. Motivated by empirical observations that training with noisy labels improves model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Tongcheng Zhang , Zhanpeng Zhou , Mingze Wang , Andi Han , Wei Huang , Taiji Suzuki , Junchi Yan

We study distributed training of deep learning models in time-constrained environments. We propose a new algorithm that periodically pulls workers towards the center variable computed as a weighted average of workers, where the weights are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Tolga Dimlioglu , Anna Choromanska

In this paper we analyze the behaviour of the stochastic gradient descent (SGD), a widely used method in supervised learning for optimizing neural network weights via a minimization of non-convex loss functions. Since the pioneering work of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Davide Barbieri , Matteo Bonforte , Peio Ibarrondo

We present a plug-in replacement for batch normalization (BN) called exponential moving average normalization (EMAN), which improves the performance of existing student-teacher based self- and semi-supervised learning techniques. Unlike the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Zhaowei Cai , Avinash Ravichandran , Subhransu Maji , Charless Fowlkes , Zhuowen Tu , Stefano Soatto

Robust validation metrics remain essential in contemporary deep learning, not only to detect overfitting and poor generalization, but also to monitor training dynamics. In the supervised classification setting, we investigate whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Florian A. Hölzl , Daniel Rueckert , Georgios Kaissis

We analyze the inductive bias of gradient descent for weight normalized smooth homogeneous neural nets, when trained on exponential or cross-entropy loss. We analyse both standard weight normalization (SWN) and exponential weight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Depen Morwani , Harish G. Ramaswamy

Stochastic gradient descent plays a fundamental role in nearly all applications of deep learning. However its ability to converge to a global minimum remains shrouded in mystery. In this paper we propose to study the behavior of the loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Mark Sandler , Andrey Zhmoginov , Max Vladymyrov , Nolan Miller

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) has become a cornerstone of neural network optimization due to its computational efficiency and generalization capabilities. However, the gradient noise introduced by SGD is often assumed to be uncorrelated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Marcel Kühn , Bernd Rosenow

Many learning tasks in machine learning can be viewed as taking a gradient step towards minimizing the average loss of a batch of examples in each training iteration. When noise is prevalent in the data, this uniform treatment of examples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Negin Majidi , Ehsan Amid , Hossein Talebi , Manfred K. Warmuth

Presently the most successful approaches to semi-supervised learning are based on consistency regularization, whereby a model is trained to be robust to small perturbations of its inputs and parameters. To understand consistency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Ben Athiwaratkun , Marc Finzi , Pavel Izmailov , Andrew Gordon Wilson

In Domain Generalization (DG) settings, models trained independently on a given set of training domains have notoriously chaotic performance on distribution shifted test domains, and stochasticity in optimization (e.g. seed) plays a big…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Devansh Arpit , Huan Wang , Yingbo Zhou , Caiming Xiong

The teacher-student framework, prevalent in semi-supervised semantic segmentation, mainly employs the exponential moving average (EMA) to update a single teacher's weights based on the student's. However, EMA updates raise a problem in that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jaemin Na , Jung-Woo Ha , Hyung Jin Chang , Dongyoon Han , Wonjun Hwang

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD), which dates back to the 1950s, is one of the most popular and effective approaches for performing stochastic optimization. Research on SGD resurged recently in machine learning for optimizing convex loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Jie Chen , Ronny Luss

Intriguing empirical evidence exists that deep learning can work well with exoticschedules for varying the learning rate. This paper suggests that the phenomenon may be due to Batch Normalization or BN, which is ubiquitous and provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Zhiyuan Li , Sanjeev Arora

Overparametrized Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) often achieve astounding performances, but may potentially result in severe generalization error. Recently, the relation between the sharpness of the loss landscape and the generalization error…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Jiawei Du , Hanshu Yan , Jiashi Feng , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Liangli Zhen , Rick Siow Mong Goh , Vincent Y. F. Tan

Deep learning networks are typically trained by Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) methods that iteratively improve the model parameters by estimating a gradient on a very small fraction of the training data. A major roadblock faced when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Tao Lin , Lingjing Kong , Sebastian U. Stich , Martin Jaggi