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Autonomous robots operating in dynamic environments should identify and report anomalies. Embodying proactive mitigation improves safety and operational continuity. This paper presents a multimodal anomaly detection and mitigation system…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Oluwadamilola Sotomi , Devika Kodi , Kiruthiga Chandra Shekar , Aliasghar Arab

Developing autonomous home robots controlled by natural language has long been a pursuit of humanity. While advancements in large language models (LLMs) and embodied intelligence make this goal closer, several challenges persist: the lack…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Dongping Li , Tielong Cai , Tianci Tang , Wenhao Chai , Katherine Rose Driggs-Campbell , Gaoang Wang

Although LLMs demonstrate proficiency in several text-based reasoning and planning tasks, their implementation in robotics control is constrained by significant deficiencies: (1) LLM agents are designed to work mainly with textual inputs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Shuang Ao , Flora D. Salim , Simon Khan

Deploying large language models (LMs) can pose hazards from harmful outputs such as toxic or false text. Prior work has introduced automated tools that elicit harmful outputs to identify these risks. While this is a valuable step toward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Stephen Casper , Jason Lin , Joe Kwon , Gatlen Culp , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Embodied AI systems, including AI-powered robots that autonomously interact with the physical world, stand to be significantly advanced by Large Language Models (LLMs), which enable robots to better understand complex language commands and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Wenxiao Zhang , Xiangrui Kong , Thomas Braunl , Jin B. Hong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks, yet they face significant challenges in embodied task planning scenarios that require continuous environmental understanding and action generation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Zhaoye Fei , Li Ji , Siyin Wang , Junhao Shi , Jingjing Gong , Xipeng Qiu

Recent advances in embodied AI highlight the potential of vision language models (VLMs) as agents capable of perception, reasoning, and interaction in complex environments. However, top-performing systems rely on large-scale models that are…

The realization of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) necessitates Embodied AI agents capable of robust spatial perception, effective task planning, and adaptive execution in physical environments. However, current large language models…

Visuomotor policies trained via imitation learning are capable of performing challenging manipulation tasks, but are often extremely brittle to lighting, visual distractors, and object locations. These vulnerabilities can depend…

In this paper, we focus on a vision-and-language task in which a robot is instructed to execute household tasks. Given an instruction such as "Rinse off a mug and place it in the coffee maker," the robot is required to locate the mug, wash…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Shintaro Ishikawa , Komei Sugiura

This thesis introduces "Embodied Spatial Intelligence" to address the challenge of creating robots that can perceive and act in the real world based on natural language instructions. To bridge the gap between Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiading Fang

A key limitation of learned robot control policies is their inability to generalize outside their training data. Recent works on vision-language-action models (VLAs) have shown that the use of large, internet pre-trained vision-language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Michał Zawalski , William Chen , Karl Pertsch , Oier Mees , Chelsea Finn , Sergey Levine

Natural language serves as the primary mode of communication when an intelligent agent with a physical presence engages with human beings. While a plethora of research focuses on natural language understanding (NLU), encompassing endeavors…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Chayan Sarkar , Avik Mitra , Pradip Pramanick , Tapas Nayak

Entity state tracking is a necessary component of world modeling that requires maintaining coherent representations of entities over time. Previous work has benchmarked entity tracking performance in purely text-based tasks. We introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Vanya Cohen , Raymond Mooney

We consider the problem of red teaming LLMs on elementary calculations and algebraic tasks to evaluate how various prompting techniques affect the quality of outputs. We present a framework to procedurally generate numerical questions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Aleksander Buszydlik , Karol Dobiczek , Michał Teodor Okoń , Konrad Skublicki , Philip Lippmann , Jie Yang

General-purpose robotic systems operating in open-world environments must achieve both broad generalization and high-precision action execution, a combination that remains challenging for existing Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. While…

Leveraging Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has become pivotal for advancing Universal Multimodal Embeddings (UME) in addressing diverse cross-modal tasks. Recent studies demonstrate that incorporating generative Chain-of-Thought…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Haonan Jiang , Yuji Wang , Yongjie Zhu , Xin Lu , Wenyu Qin , Meng Wang , Pengfei Wan , Yansong Tang

Current Vision Language Models (VLMs) remain vulnerable to malicious prompts that induce harmful outputs. Existing safety benchmarks for VLMs primarily rely on automated evaluation methods, but these methods struggle to detect implicit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Wonjun Lee , Doehyeon Lee , Eugene Choi , Sangyoon Yu , Ashkan Yousefpour , Haon Park , Bumsub Ham , Suhyun Kim

Building robots that can perceive, reason, and act in dynamic, unstructured environments remains a core challenge. Recent embodied systems often adopt a dual-system paradigm, where System 2 handles high-level reasoning while System 1…

The human ability to learn, generalize, and control complex manipulation tasks through multi-modality feedback suggests a unique capability, which we refer to as dexterity intelligence. Understanding and assessing this intelligence is a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Fanlong Zeng , Wensheng Gan , Zezheng Huai , Lichao Sun , Hechang Chen , Yongheng Wang , Ning Liu , Philip S. Yu