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Understanding dense matter under extreme conditions is one of the most fundamental puzzles in modern physics. Complex interactions give rise to emergent, collective phenomena. While nuclear experiments and Earth - based colliders provide…
Highly magnetised rapidly spinning neutron stars are widely considered to be natural sites for acceleration of charged particles. Powerful acceleration mechanism due to unipolar induction is thought to operate in the magnetospheres of…
Among the possible extensions of General Relativity that have been put forward in order to address some long standing issues in our understanding of the Universe, Scalar-Tensor Theories have received a lot of attention for their simplicity.…
Several proposed experiments will send beams of neutrinos through the Earth along paths with a source-receiver distance of hundreds or thousands of kilometers. Knowledge of the physical properties of the medium traversed by these beams, in…
Estimates of the magnetic field of neutron stars in X-ray pulsars are obtained using the hypothesis of the equilibrium period for disk and wind accretion and also from the BATSE data on timing of X-ray pulsars using the observed maximum…
Depending on mass and rotational frequency, gravity compresses the matter in the core regions of neutron stars to densities that are several times higher than the density of ordinary atomic nuclei. At such huge densities atoms themselves…
Deflections in the propagation of charged ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) caused by magnetic fields make the identification of their sources challenging. On the other hand, the arrival directions at Earth of neutrons point directly…
In the next few years, the first detections of gravity-wave signals using Earth-based interferometric detectors will begin to provide precious new information about the structure and dynamics of compact bodies such as neutron stars. The…
Hypothetical short-range interactions could be detected by measuring the wavefunctions of ultracold neutrons (UCNs) on a mirror bounded by the Earth's gravitational field. The Searches require detectors with higher spatial resolution. We…
Neutron stars can be considered a useful and interesting laboratory for Cosmology. With their deep gravitational potential they may accrete dark matter from the galactic halo and subsequent self-annihilation processes could induce an…
Using a phenomenological form of the equation of state of neutron matter near the saturation density which has been previously demonstrated to be a good characterization of quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we show that currently available…
Abridged) We model the X-ray properties of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) by considering hot spot emission from a weakly magnetized rotating neutron star (NS) covered by an optically-thick hydrogen atmosphere. We investigate the limitations of…
Neutron stars are the densest known objects in the universe and an ideal laboratory for the strange physics of super-condensed matter. Theoretical studies in connection with recent observational data of isolated neutron stars, as well as…
Studying the physical processes occurring in the region just above the magnetic poles of strongly magnetized, accreting binary neutron stars is essential to our understanding of stellar and binary system evolution. Perhaps more importantly,…
The Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) mission has provided a unique opportunity to constrain the equation of state of neutron stars by using the technique of pulse-profile modelling. This technique requires accurate and…
The objective of neutrino astronomy, born with the identification of thermonuclear fusion in the sun and the particle processes controlling the fate of a nearby supernova, is to build instruments which reach throughout and far beyond our…
Pulsars have traditionally been used for research into fundamental physics and astronomy. In this paper, we investigate the expanding applications of radio pulsars in societal and industrial domains beyond their conventional scientific…
We analyze observations of eight quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries in globular clusters and combine them to determine the neutron star mass-radius curve and the equation of state of dense matter. We determine the effect that several…
The lowest neutron star masses currently measured are in the range $1.0-1.1~M_\odot$, but these measurement have either large uncertainties or refer to isolated neutron stars. The recent claim of a precisely measured mass $M/M_{\odot} =…
I summarize some constraints on the physics of neutron stars arising from X-ray observations of the surfaces of neutron stars, focusing on using models of low-magnetic-field neutron star atmospheres to interpret their X-ray spectra. I…