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Understanding AI systems' inner workings is critical for ensuring value alignment and safety. This review explores mechanistic interpretability: reverse engineering the computational mechanisms and representations learned by neural networks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Leonard Bereska , Efstratios Gavves

An aesthetics evaluation model is at the heart of predicting users' aesthetic experience and developing user interfaces with higher quality. However, previous methods on aesthetic evaluation largely ignore the interpretability of the model…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Xiaoran Wu

The black box nature of deep neural networks poses a significant challenge for the deployment of transparent and trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) systems. With the growing presence of AI in society, it becomes increasingly important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Bianka Kowalska , Halina Kwaśnicka

A central goal in understanding human vision is to uncover the visual features that drive neuronal activity. A growing body of work has used artificial neural networks as encoding models to predict cortical responses to natural images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Idan Daniel Grosbard , Mor Geva , Galit Yovel

Deep Neural Networks have often been called the black box because of the complex, deep architecture and non-transparency presented by the inner layers. There is a lack of trust to use Artificial Intelligence in critical and high-precision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Frincy Clement , Ji Yang , Irene Cheng

The field of machine learning has seen tremendous progress in recent years, with deep learning models delivering exceptional performance across a range of tasks. However, these models often come at the cost of interpretability, as they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Shun Liu

Many text classification applications require models with satisfying performance as well as good interpretability. Traditional machine learning methods are easy to interpret but have low accuracies. The development of deep learning models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Zhengyang Wang , Xia Hu , Shuiwang Ji

The opaque nature of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to significant research efforts aimed at enhancing their interpretability, primarily through post-hoc methods. More recent in-hoc approaches, such as Concept Bottleneck Models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Or Raphael Bidusa , Shaul Markovitch

Hybrid interpretable models combine a transparent component with a black-box model by assigning some examples to the former and deferring the rest to the latter. While this design enables flexible tradeoffs between accuracy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ziba Jabbar Zare , Ulrich Aïvodji , Julien Ferry , Thibaut Vidal

Embedding is a common technique for analyzing multi-dimensional data. However, the embedding projection cannot always form significant and interpretable visual structures that foreshadow underlying data patterns. We propose an approach that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Jie Li , Chun-qi Zhou

We study the problem of concept induction in visual reasoning, i.e., identifying concepts and their hierarchical relationships from question-answer pairs associated with images; and achieve an interpretable model via working on the induced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Zhonghao Wang , Kai Wang , Mo Yu , Jinjun Xiong , Wen-mei Hwu , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Humphrey Shi

As machine learning algorithms getting adopted in an ever-increasing number of applications, interpretation has emerged as a crucial desideratum. In this paper, we propose a mathematical definition for the human-interpretable model. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Weishen Pan , Changshui Zhang

Why should we trust the detections of deep neural networks for manipulated faces? Understanding the reasons is important for users in improving the fairness, reliability, privacy and trust of the detection models. In this work, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Yingying Hua , Daichi Zhang , Pengju Wang , Shiming Ge

Graphs are ubiquitous due to their flexibility in representing social and technological systems as networks of interacting elements. Graph representation learning methods, such as node embeddings, are powerful approaches to map nodes into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Simone Piaggesi , Megha Khosla , André Panisson , Avishek Anand

Diffusion models have become the go-to method for text-to-image generation, producing high-quality images from pure noise. However, the inner workings of diffusion models is still largely a mystery due to their black-box nature and complex,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Berk Tinaz , Zalan Fabian , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi

Interpretability is a pressing issue for decision systems. Many post hoc methods have been proposed to explain the predictions of a single machine learning model. However, business processes and decision systems are rarely centered around a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Gianluigi Lopardo , Damien Garreau , Frederic Precioso , Greger Ottosson

When developing AI systems that interact with humans, it is essential to design both a system that can understand humans, and a system that humans can understand. Most deep network based agent-modeling approaches are 1) not interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Ini Oguntola , Dana Hughes , Katia Sycara

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) have emerged as critical tools in domains where interpretability is paramount. These models rely on predefined textual descriptions, referred to as concepts, to inform their decision-making process and offer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Maor Dikter , Tsachi Blau , Chaim Baskin

This paper presents a novel concept learning framework for enhancing model interpretability and performance in visual classification tasks. Our approach appends an unsupervised explanation generator to the primary classifier network and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Tanmay Garg , Deepika Vemuri , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

We propose Partially Interpretable Estimators (PIE) which attribute a prediction to individual features via an interpretable model, while a (possibly) small part of the PIE prediction is attributed to the interaction of features via a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Tong Wang , Jingyi Yang , Yunyi Li , Boxiang Wang