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Large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced the usability of AI-generated code, providing effective assistance to programmers. This advancement also raises ethical and legal concerns, such as academic dishonesty or the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Boquan Li , Zirui Fu , Mengdi Zhang , Peixin Zhang , Jun Sun , Xingmei Wang

Across academia, industry, and government, there is an increasing awareness that the measurement tasks involved in evaluating generative AI (GenAI) systems are especially difficult. We argue that these measurement tasks are highly…

The proliferation of AI-generated content has facilitated sophisticated face manipulation, severely undermining visual integrity and posing unprecedented challenges to intellectual property. In response, a common proactive defense leverages…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Haonan An , Xiaohui Ye , Guang Hua , Yihang Tao , Hangcheng Cao , Xiangyu Yu , Yuguang Fang

Watermarking has become a key technique for proprietary language models, enabling the distinction between AI-generated and human-written text. However, in many real-world scenarios, LLM-generated content may undergo post-generation edits,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Liyan Xie , Muhammad Siddeek , Mohamed Seif , Andrea J. Goldsmith , Mengdi Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated outstanding performance, making them valuable digital assets with significant commercial potential. Unfortunately, the LLM and its API are susceptible to intellectual property theft.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Shuai Li , Kejiang Chen , Kunsheng Tang , Jie Zhang , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu , Kai Zeng

With the rapid growth of Large Language Models (LLMs), safeguarding textual content against unauthorized use is crucial. Watermarking offers a vital solution, protecting both - LLM-generated and plain text sources. This paper presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Harsh Nishant Lalai , Aashish Anantha Ramakrishnan , Raj Sanjay Shah , Dongwon Lee

AI-generated content has accelerated the topic of media synthesis, particularly Deepfake, which can manipulate our portraits for positive or malicious purposes. Before releasing these threatening face images, one promising forensics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Xiaoshuai Wu , Xin Liao , Bo Ou , Yuling Liu , Zheng Qin

In the present-day scenario, Large Language Models (LLMs) are establishing their presence as powerful instruments permeating various sectors of society. While their utility offers valuable support to individuals, there are multiple concerns…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Badr Youbi Idrissi , Monica Millunzi , Amelia Sorrenti , Lorenzo Baraldi , Daryna Dementieva

In the burgeoning age of generative AI, watermarks act as identifiers of provenance and artificial content. We present WAVES (Watermark Analysis Via Enhanced Stress-testing), a benchmark for assessing image watermark robustness, overcoming…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Bang An , Mucong Ding , Tahseen Rabbani , Aakriti Agrawal , Yuancheng Xu , Chenghao Deng , Sicheng Zhu , Abdirisak Mohamed , Yuxin Wen , Tom Goldstein , Furong Huang

Latent diffusion models have exhibited considerable potential in generative tasks. Watermarking is considered to be an alternative to safeguard the copyright of generative models and prevent their misuse. However, in the context of model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Liangqi Lei , Keke Gai , Jing Yu , Liehuang Zhu , Qi Wu

Software Testing is a well-established area in software engineering, encompassing various techniques and methodologies to ensure the quality and reliability of software systems. However, with the advent of generative artificial intelligence…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Aldeida Aleti

Deep learning techniques are one of the most significant elements of any Artificial Intelligence (AI) services. Recently, these Machine Learning (ML) methods, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), presented exceptional achievement in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Mohammad Mehdi Yadollahi , Farzaneh Shoeleh , Sajjad Dadkhah , Ali A. Ghorbani

Digital watermarking techniques are crucial for copyright protection and source identification of images, especially in the era of generative AI models. However, many existing watermarking methods, particularly content-agnostic approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Pei Yang , Hai Ci , Yiren Song , Mike Zheng Shou

Digital watermarking has shown its effectiveness in protecting multimedia content. However, existing watermarking is predominantly tailored for specific media types, rendering them less effective for the protection of content displayed on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Xiujian Liang , Gaozhi Liu , Yichao Si , Xiaoxiao Hu , Zhenxing Qian

The rapid advancement of customized Large Language Models (LLMs) offers considerable convenience. However, it also intensifies concerns regarding the protection of copyright/confidential information. With the extensive adoption of private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yuehan Zhang , Peizhuo Lv , Yinpeng Liu , Yongqiang Ma , Wei Lu , Xiaofeng Wang , Xiaozhong Liu , Jiawei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into diverse industries, posing substantial security risks due to unauthorized replication and misuse. To mitigate these concerns, robust identification mechanisms are widely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Xuhong Wang , Haoyu Jiang , Yi Yu , Jingru Yu , Yilun Lin , Ping Yi , Yingchun Wang , Yu Qiao , Li Li , Fei-Yue Wang

The rapid advancement of generative AI has underscored the critical need for identifying image ownership and protecting copyrights. This makes post-processing image watermarking an essential tool -- it involves embedding a specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xinyu Zhang , Ziping Dong , Qingyu Liu , Yuan Hong , Zhongjie Ba , Kui Ren

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved promising performance in various real-world applications. Building a powerful GNN model is not a trivial task, as it requires a large amount of training data, powerful computing resources, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Jing Xu , Stefanos Koffas , Oguzhan Ersoy , Stjepan Picek

Protecting the copyright of user-generated AI images is an emerging challenge as AIGC becomes pervasive in creative workflows. Existing watermarking methods (1) remain vulnerable to real-world adversarial threats, often forced to trade off…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Qingyu Liu , Yitao Zhang , Zhongjie Ba , Chao Shuai , Peng Cheng , Tianhang Zheng , Zhibo Wang

The network flow watermarking technique associates the two communicating parties by actively modifying certain characteristics of the stream generated by the sender so that it covertly carries some special marking information. Some curious…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Yali Yuan , Jian Ge , Guang Cheng