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The safe deployment of autonomous driving systems (ADSs) relies on comprehensive testing and evaluation. However, safety-critical scenarios that can effectively expose system vulnerabilities are extremely sparse in the real world. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Xinzheng Wu , Junyi Chen , Naiting Zhong , Yong Shen

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into healthcare applications offers promising advancements in medical diagnostics, treatment recommendations, and patient care. However, the susceptibility of LLMs to adversarial attacks poses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yifan Yang , Qiao Jin , Furong Huang , Zhiyong Lu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are becoming integral to autonomous driving (AD) systems due to their strong vision-language reasoning capabilities. However, MLLMs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, particularly adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Qi Guo , Xiaojun Jia , Shanmin Pang , Simeng Qin , Lin Wang , Ju Jia , Yang Liu , Qing Guo

This position paper proposes a novel approach to advancing NLP security by leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) as engines for generating diverse adversarial attacks. Building upon recent work demonstrating LLMs' effectiveness in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Sudarshan Srinivasan , Maria Mahbub , Amir Sadovnik

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have exhibited remarkable generalization capabilities, yet their robustness in dynamic real-world scenarios remains largely unexplored. To systematically evaluate VLMs' robustness to real-world 3D variations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Shouwei Ruan , Hanqing Liu , Yao Huang , Xiaoqi Wang , Caixin Kang , Hang Su , Yinpeng Dong , Xingxing Wei

We study adversarial robustness of open-source vision-language model (VLM) agents deployed in a self-contained e-commerce environment built to simulate realistic pre-deployment conditions. We evaluate two agents, LLaVA-v1.5-7B and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Alejandro Paredes La Torre

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) trained on web-scale image-text pairs have enabled impressive zero-shot transfer across a diverse range of visual tasks. However, comprehensive and independent evaluation beyond standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jia Chengyu , AprilPyone MaungMaung , Huy H. Nguyen , Jinyin Chen , Isao Echizen

End-to-end autonomous driving systems built on Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown significant promise, yet their reliance on autoregressive architectures introduces some limitations for real-world applications. The sequential,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Can Cui , Yupeng Zhou , Juntong Peng , Sung-Yeon Park , Zichong Yang , Prashanth Sankaranarayanan , Jiaru Zhang , Ruqi Zhang , Ziran Wang

Benefiting from the powerful capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), pre-trained visual encoder models connected to an LLMs can realize Vision Language Models (VLMs). However, existing research shows that the visual modality of VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zhendong Liu , Yuanbi Nie , Yingshui Tan , Xiangyu Yue , Qiushi Cui , Chongjun Wang , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

Vision-language pre-training (VLP) models exhibit remarkable capabilities in comprehending both images and text, yet they remain susceptible to multimodal adversarial examples (AEs). Strengthening attacks and uncovering vulnerabilities,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Sensen Gao , Xiaojun Jia , Xuhong Ren , Ivor Tsang , Qing Guo

Multi-Modal Language Models (MLLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence by combining visual and text data, making applications like image captioning, visual question answering, and multi-modal content creation possible. This ability to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Pete Janowczyk , Linda Laurier , Ave Giulietta , Arlo Octavia , Meade Cleti

Vision-language models (VLMs) are vulnerable to adversarial image perturbations. Existing works based on adversarial training against task-specific adversarial examples are computationally expensive and often fail to generalize to unseen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Jingning Xu , Haochen Luo , Chen Liu

Multimodal Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, particularly Vision-Language Models (VLMs), have become integral to critical applications ranging from autonomous decision-making to automated document processing. As these systems scale,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 M Zeeshan , Saud Satti

Recent advancements in large vision language models (VLMs) tailored for autonomous driving (AD) have shown strong scene understanding and reasoning capabilities, making them undeniable candidates for end-to-end driving systems. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Shuo Xing , Hongyuan Hua , Xiangbo Gao , Shenzhe Zhu , Renjie Li , Kexin Tian , Xiaopeng Li , Heng Huang , Tianbao Yang , Zhangyang Wang , Yang Zhou , Huaxiu Yao , Zhengzhong Tu

As vision-language models (VLMs) gain prominence, their multimodal interfaces also introduce new safety vulnerabilities, making the safety evaluation challenging and critical. Existing red-teaming efforts are either restricted to a narrow…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Zhaorun Chen , Xun Liu , Mintong Kang , Jiawei Zhang , Minzhou Pan , Shuang Yang , Bo Li

Benefiting from the powerful capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), pre-trained visual encoder models connected to LLMs form Vision Language Models (VLMs). However, recent research shows that the visual modality in VLMs is highly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Zhendong Liu , Yuanbi Nie , Yingshui Tan , Jiaheng Liu , Xiangyu Yue , Qiushi Cui , Chongjun Wang , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

Adversarial machine learning (AML) studies attacks that can fool machine learning algorithms into generating incorrect outcomes as well as the defenses against worst-case attacks to strengthen model robustness. Specifically for image…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yuzhe You , Jarvis Tse , Jian Zhao

Vision-language models (VLMs) have revolutionized multimodal AI applications but introduce novel security vulnerabilities that remain largely unexplored. We present the first comprehensive study of steganographic prompt injection attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Chetan Pathade

Vision Language Models (VLMs) can produce unintended and harmful content when exposed to adversarial attacks, particularly because their vision capabilities create new vulnerabilities. Existing defenses, such as input preprocessing,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Han Wang , Gang Wang , Huan Zhang

Ensuring safety in autonomous driving systems remains a critical challenge, particularly in handling rare but potentially catastrophic safety-critical scenarios. While existing research has explored generating safety-critical scenarios for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Zihao Sheng , Zilin Huang , Yansong Qu , Yue Leng , Sruthi Bhavanam , Sikai Chen
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